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arXiv 2610.00108math.CO

计算树和环上权重为 $k$ 的意大利支配集

Counting Weight-$k$ Italian Dominating Sets on Trees and Cycles

  • College of Science, China Jiliang University(中国计量大学理学院)

机构由 AI 辅助整理,请以论文原文为准。

Pingping Shao, Chengye Zhao

AI总结:

本文研究路径、树和环上意大利支配函数的计数问题,提出动态规划算法计算所有权重系数,并给出环上系数的闭式表达式,验证了已知的意大利支配数。

AI中文摘要:

我们研究了在路径、树和环上计算每种可能权重的意大利支配函数(IDFs)的问题。图 $G=(V,E)$ 上的意大利支配函数是一个函数 $f\colon V\to\{0,1,2\}$,使得每个满足 $f(v)=0$ 的顶点 $v$ 都有 $\sum_{u\in N(v)}f(u)\ge 2$;意大利支配多项式 $D_I(G,x)=\sum_k d_I(G,k)\\,x^k$ 记录了权重为 $k$ 的此类函数的数量 $d_I(G,k)$。该多项式是研究充分的支配多项式和罗马支配多项式的意大利模拟,在固定图类上计算其系数本质上是一个受约束的整数组合问题:通过引入赤字变量 $y(v)=2-f(v)$,每个系数 $d_I(G,2n-j)$ 计算将 $j$ 组合成 $n$ 个部分(每个部分至多为 $2$)且额外满足局部邻接容量约束的组合数。我们明确建立了这一联系,并利用它推导出 $d_I(C_n,2n-j)$($j=0,\ldots,5$)的闭式表达式,即三项式系数减去显式枚举的禁止配置。在算法方面,我们给出了动态规划算法,用于计算路径图($O(n^2)$ 时间,$O(n)$ 空间)、一般树($O(n^2)$ 时间,$O(n)$ 空间,通过后序合并和赤字参数)以及环图($O(n^2)$ 时间,$O(n)$ 空间,通过边界条件化)上 $D_I$ 的所有系数,并附有形式化正确性证明和复杂度分析。已知值 $\gamma_I(P_n)=\lfloor n/2\rfloor+1$ 和 $\gamma_I(C_n)=\lceil n/2\rceil$ 被引用参考文献而非重新证明。所有数值结果均通过暴力枚举验证,并提供了完整表格。

英文摘要:

We study the problem of counting \emph{Italian dominating functions} (IDFs) of each possible weight on paths, trees, and cycles. An Italian dominating function on a graph $G=(V,E)$ is a function $f\colon V\to\{0,1,2\}$ such that every vertex $v$ with $f(v)=0$ satisfies $\sum_{u\in N(v)}f(u)\ge 2$; the \emph{Italian domination polynomial} $D_I(G,x)=\sum_k d_I(G,k)\,x^k$ records the number $d_I(G,k)$ of such functions of weight~$k$. This polynomial is the Italian analogue of the well-studied domination and Roman domination polynomials, and computing its coefficients on a fixed graph class is, in essence, a \emph{constrained integer composition} problem: passing to the deficit variables $y(v)=2-f(v)$, each coefficient $d_I(G,2n-j)$ counts the number of compositions of $j$ into $n$ parts, each at most~$2$, that additionally satisfy a local adjacency capacity constraint. We make this connection explicit and use it to derive closed-form expressions for $d_I(C_n,2n-j)$, $j=0,\ldots,5$, as trinomial coefficients minus explicitly enumerated forbidden configurations. On the algorithmic side, we give dynamic programming algorithms that compute \emph{all} coefficients of $D_I$ on path graphs ($O(n^2)$ time, $O(n)$ space), on general trees ($O(n^2)$ time, $O(n)$ space, via a post-order merge with a deficit parameter), and on cycle graphs ($O(n^2)$ time, $O(n)$ space, via boundary conditioning), together with formal correctness proofs and complexity analyses. The known values $γ_I(P_n)=\lfloor n/2\rfloor+1$ and $γ_I(C_n)=\lceil n/2\rceil$ are recalled with references rather than reproved. All numerical results are verified against brute-force enumeration, and complete tables are provided.

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