发表机构
International Center for Relativistic Astrophysics (ICRANet); Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB); International SOLVAY Institutes for Physics and Chemistry（国际相对论天体物理中心; 布鲁塞尔自由大学; 国际索尔维物理学与化学研究所）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文研究极端Kerr-Newman黑洞的几何，发现除Smarr族外存在由黄金比例约束的特殊族，并通过事件视界局部微分几何唯一确定具有最高局部球对称性的极端构型，表明视界几何可约束宏观参数。
AI 中文摘要
我们研究了极端Kerr-Newman黑洞的几何及其在选取不同黑洞态中的作用。受Smarr关于事件视界对称性编码何种物理信息这一问题的启发，我们除了Smarr极端族之外，还识别出一个特殊族，在该族中，质量、电荷、角动量和不可约质量受单一无理数约束。在Christodoulou图中，该族由适当缩放的电荷和角动量变量的离散对称性所选取。事件视界的局部微分几何提供了额外的选择原理，该原理在离散对称性(Q→±Q)和(J→±J)下，唯一地确定了一个极端Kerr-Newman黑洞，该黑洞展现出与旋转Kerr-Newman几何相容的最高程度的局部球对称性。值得注意的是，对于这一独特的极端构型，所有相关的物理和几何量，包括能量、电荷、角动量和不可约质量，仅通过黄金比例相互关联。我们还研究了可逆与不可逆变换以及相关的可提取能量。因此，内禀视界几何可以约束宏观参数，并挑选出独特的极端Kerr-Newman构型。
英文摘要
We investigate the geometry of extreme Kerr-Newman black holes and its role in selecting distinct black hole states. Motivated by Smarr's question of what physical information is encoded in event-horizon symmetries, we identify, besides the Smarr extreme family, a special family in which the mass, charge, angular momentum, and irreducible mass are constrained by a single irrational number. In the Christodoulou diagram, this family is selected by a discrete symmetry of appropriately scaled charge and angular-momentum variables. The local differential geometry of the event horizon provides an additional selection principle, which, up to the discrete symmetries (Q \rightarrow\pm Q) and (J \rightarrow\pm J), identifies a unique extreme Kerr-Newman black hole exhibiting the highest degree of local spherical symmetry compatible with the rotating Kerr-Newman geometry. Remarkably, for this distinct extreme configuration, all relevant physical and geometrical quantities, including the energy, electric charge, angular momentum, and irreducible mass, are solely related through the golden ratio. We also examine reversible and irreversible transformations and the associated extractable energy. Intrinsic horizon geometry can therefore constrain the macroscopic parameters and single out distinct extreme Kerr-Newman configurations.
Comments11 pages, 9 figures
