发表机构
College of Science, North China University of Technology(华北理工大学理学院)
机构由 AI 辅助整理,请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文通过多项式因式分解、形式微分和二次插值,在任意特征下证明一般 Weierstrass 形式曲线的弦切运算结合性,并给出短 Weierstrass 形式下与 Zwegers 插值抛物线的联系。
AI 中文摘要
设 $K$ 为域,$E/K$ 为一般 Weierstrass 形式的非奇异射影曲线。我们通过多项式因式分解、形式微分和二次插值证明其弦切运算的结合性。主要恒等式消去连续加法 $S=P\oplus Q$ 和 $T=S\oplus R$ 中出现的两条非垂直直线 $Y=\ell(X)$ 和 $Y=m(X)$。存在 $c\in K$ 和首一二次多项式 $h\in K[X]$,使得 \\[ \ell+m+\Apol=c(X-x_S), \qquad \Gpol+\ell m=(X-x_S)h, \\] 且 \\[ (Y-\ell)(Y-m) =(X-x_S)(h-cY) +Y^2+\Apol(X)Y-\Gpol(X). \\] 当 $c\ne0$ 时,$q=h/c$ 的图像包含 $P,Q,R$ 和 $-T$。两种括号化通过普通或 Hermite 插值确定相同的二次式,因此产生相同的最终点。该证明适用于任意特征,因为相切通过 Weierstrass 方程的形式偏导数表达。对于短 Weierstrass 形式,一个独立的简洁证明将 $q$ 等同于 Zwegers 构造中的插值抛物线。
英文摘要
Let $K$ be a field and let $E/K$ be a nonsingular projective curve in general Weierstrass form. We prove associativity of its chord--tangent operation by combining polynomial factorization, formal differentiation, and quadratic interpolation. The main identity eliminates the two nonvertical lines $Y=\ell(X)$ and $Y=m(X)$ occurring in the successive additions $S=P\oplus Q$ and $T=S\oplus R$. There are $c\in K$ and a monic quadratic polynomial $h\in K[X]$ such that \[ \ell+m+\Apol=c(X-x_S), \qquad \Gpol+\ell m=(X-x_S)h, \] and \[ (Y-\ell)(Y-m) =(X-x_S)(h-cY) +Y^2+\Apol(X)Y-\Gpol(X). \] When $c\ne0$, the graph of $q=h/c$ contains $P,Q,R$, and $-T$. The two bracketings determine the same quadratic by ordinary or Hermite interpolation and therefore yield the same final point. The proof applies in every characteristic, since tangency is expressed through the formal partial derivatives of the Weierstrass equation. For the short Weierstrass form, a separate concise proof identifies $q$ with the interpolating parabola in Zwegers's construction.