发表机构
The Johns Hopkins University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Princeton University; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research（约翰斯·霍普金斯大学; 麻省理工学院; 普林斯顿大学; 加拿大高级研究所）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文提出通过体态有限频率耗散电动力学理解整数量子霍尔效应的新机制，证明仅回旋共振无法产生量子化平台，需加入杂质态耗散贡献，从而将直流值与光学响应联系，为光学量子霍尔效应提供新途径。
AI 中文摘要
整数量子霍尔效应仍然是凝聚态物理中精确量子化最典型、最引人注目的范例。其霍尔电导率$\sigma_{xy}$被固定为$e^2/h$乘以一个整数，精度仅受测量限制，且与无序或相互作用无关。这种鲁棒性有多种解释，每种解释都捕捉了物理中截然不同的一面。在Laughlin的规范论证中，磁通插入在边缘之间泵送整数电荷，因此量子化仅由规范不变性得出。边缘通道图像则将输运归因于样品边界处的手性、弹道一维通道，每个填充的朗道能级对应一个通道。体态论证将$\sigma_{xy}$与无序系统的拓扑不变量联系起来，扩展态精确补偿了局域态未携带的电流。在这里，我们展示了理解量子化的另一条途径，其根源在于体态的有限频率耗散电动力学。利用高精度太赫兹法拉第旋转和数值计算，我们表明在Kramers-Kronig变换下，仅凭回旋共振并不能给出量子化平台。只有当来自杂质态的微弱、低频、拓扑强制的耗散贡献被包含时，量子化才得以恢复。这种动力学机制隐藏在耗散响应中，将直流值与有限频率光学响应联系起来，为通过光学霍尔效应实现量子化提供了一条新途径。
英文摘要
The integer quantum Hall effect remains the most paradigmatic and remarkable example of exact quantization in condensed matter physics. Its Hall conductivity $σ_{xy}$ is fixed to $e^2/h$ times an integer to a precision limited only by measurement and independent of disorder or interactions. This robustness has several explanations, each capturing a strikingly different piece of the physics. In Laughlin's gauge argument, flux insertion pumps an integer charge between edges, so quantization follows from gauge invariance alone. The edge-channel picture instead attributes transport to chiral, ballistic 1D channels at the sample boundary, one per filled Landau level. Bulk arguments tie $σ_{xy}$ to a topological invariant of the disordered system, with extended states compensating exactly for the current not carried by localized ones. Here we demonstrate an additional route to understanding quantization, rooted in the finite-frequency dissipative electrodynamics of the bulk. Using high-precision terahertz Faraday rotation and numerics, we show that the cyclotron resonance alone does not give quantized plateaus under Kramers-Kronig transformation. Quantization is recovered only once a faint, low-frequency, topologically enforced dissipative contribution from impurity states is included. This dynamical mechanism, hiding in plain sight within the dissipative response, ties the DC value to the finite-frequency optical response and offers a new route to quantization through the optical Hall effect.
