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arXiv 2609.40270quant-ph

以常数样本复杂度检验量子高斯性

Testing quantum Gaussianity with constant sample complexity

  • Universiteit Leiden(莱顿大学)
  • LIACS, Universiteit Leiden(莱顿大学计算机科学与软件研究所)
  • Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)(洛桑联邦理工学院物理研究所)
  • Centre for Quantum Science and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)(洛桑联邦理工学院量子科学与工程中心)
  • Department of Mathematics, University of Colorado Boulder(科罗拉多大学博尔德分校数学系)
  • Department of Physics, Harvard University(哈佛大学物理系)
  • School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University(哈佛大学生物工程与应用科学学院)
  • Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin(柏林自由大学达勒姆复杂量子系统中心)
  • Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute(弗劳恩霍夫海因里希赫兹研究所)
  • Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie(亥姆霍兹柏林材料与能源中心)

机构由 AI 辅助整理,请以论文原文为准。

Mahtab Yaghubi Rad, Ricard Puig, Saksham Hassanandani, Luke Coffman, Jens Eisert, Carlos Bravo-Prieto, Antonio Anna Mele

中文总结 AI 辅助

本文提出最优且鲁棒的算法,以与系统尺寸、粒子数和能量无关的常数样本复杂度检验费米子和玻色子高斯态,并引入统一的梯度流方法,通过对称性刻画实现高效测量。

中文摘要 AI 辅助

高效检验量子态是否具有给定结构,既是量子信息中的基础任务,也是实际任务。最重要的结构化族之一是高斯态,它支撑了量子光学和多体物理,同时定义了高效经典模拟的范式性机制。尽管高斯态具有核心地位,但高斯性的最优检验此前仍属未知。本文给出了检验费米子和玻色子高斯态的最优且鲁棒的算法,其样本复杂度与系统尺寸、粒子数和能量无关。值得注意的是,这些协议实现了与已知高斯性精确对称性刻画相关的实验上可行的测量,对费米子使用两份拷贝上的贝尔采样,对玻色子使用三份拷贝上的无源干涉测量与光子计数。我们进一步获得了需要更多但仍为常数份拷贝上的联合测量的容错检验器。我们分析的核心是一种统一方法——我们称之为梯度流方法——它适用于本文考虑的所有结构化族,并支撑了我们的最优检验器:表示论将定义对称性的近似满足转化为对拒绝概率梯度的定量控制,从而允许从输入态到目标族的连续下降,其长度界定了它们之间的距离。

英文摘要

Efficiently testing whether a quantum state possesses a given structure is both a fundamental and a practical task in quantum information. Among the most important structured families are Gaussian states, which underpin quantum optics and many-body physics while defining paradigmatic regimes of efficient classical simulation. Despite the central role of Gaussian states, optimal tests of Gaussianity have remained unknown. Here we give optimal and robust algorithms for testing fermionic and bosonic Gaussian states, with sample complexity independent of system size, particle number, and energy. Remarkably, the protocols implement experimentally feasible measurements associated with known exact symmetry characterizations of Gaussianity, using Bell sampling on two copies for fermions and passive interferometry with photon counting on three copies for bosons. We further obtain tolerant testers requiring joint measurements on a larger, but still constant, number of copies. At the heart of our analysis is a unified approach---which we call the gradient-flow method---that applies across all structured families considered here and underlies our optimal testers: representation theory turns approximate satisfaction of the defining symmetry into quantitative control of the gradient of the rejection probability, allowing a continuous descent from the input state to the target family whose length bounds their distance.

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