发表机构
The Weather Company; NVIDIA（天气公司; 英伟达）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
该研究介绍了由NVIDIA和TWC生成的全球MPAS再预报数据集reGRAF，其在美国和欧洲采用4公里对流允许尺度加密，基于ERA5生成1836个案例，覆盖2004-2024年高影响天气，数据公开可用。
AI 中文摘要
NVIDIA与The Weather Company (TWC) 基于TWC的GRAF（全球高分辨率大气预报）模型生成了一套再预报数据集。GRAF模型是美国国家大气研究中心（NCAR）跨尺度预测模型（MPAS）的一个版本。GRAF模型是全球范围的，但本次再预报的配置在美国、加勒比海盆地和欧洲采用了约4公里的网格加密，其他区域为15公里。该模型设计为在图形处理单元（GPU）上运行大部分计算，这一开发得到了NVIDIA的协助。1836个再预报案例（约5年）由ECMWF再分析资料（ERA5）生成，所选初始条件日期跨越2004年至2024年，超过20年。这些选定的初始条件日期主要基于美国本土（CONUS）和加勒比地区的高影响天气事件。通过这种方式采样，再预报覆盖了比连续五年每日一次再预报更广泛的有趣高影响天气情景。该再预报仍提供了许多非降水区域普通天气的样本。GRAF再预报大多运行至+27小时预报时效，假设3小时自旋-up后接一个完整的日循环。数据以zarr格式保存在模型原生垂直坐标上。大部分场次以15分钟间隔存档，但若干降水变量以5分钟频率保存。数据通过亚马逊网络服务的开放数据计划向公众开放，网址为https URL。
英文摘要
NVIDIA and The Weather Company (TWC) have generated a data set of reforecasts from TWC's GRAF (Global high-Resolution Atmospheric Forecasting) model, a version of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Model for Predictions Across Scales (\href{https://ncar.ucar.edu/what-we-offer/models/model-prediction-across-scales-mpas}{\underline{MPAS}}). GRAF is global, but the configuration for this reforecast had a mesh refinement to \textasciitilde4 km over the US, Caribbean Basin, and Europe, and 15 km elsewhere. This model was designed to run much of the computation on graphical processing units (GPUs), with this development assisted by NVIDIA. The 1836 reforecast cases (\textasciitilde5 years) were generated from ECMWF reanalyses (ERA5) for selected initial condition dates spanning more than 20 years, 2004--2024. These dates of the chosen initial conditions were mostly selected based on high-impact weather in the contiguous US (CONUS) and Caribbean. Sampling in this way, the reforecast spanned a wider range of interesting, high-impact weather scenarios than had we performed five contiguous years of once-daily reforecasts. The reforecast still provides many samples in non-precipitating regions with more ordinary weather. GRAF reforecasts were mostly run to $+$27 h lead time, assuming a 3-h spin-up followed by a full diurnal cycle. Data were saved in zarr format on the native model vertical coordinate. Most fields were archived at 15-min intervals, though several precipitation variables were saved at 5-min cadence. Data are made publicly available to all through Amazon Web Services' Open-Data Initiative at https://registry.opendata.aws/graf-reforecast.
