发表机构
University of Kentucky（肯塔基大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文提出利用任意态中的时序外关联器测量量子演化的魔法，证明其消失当且仅当演化为克利福德，并给出T门数量的下界。
AI 中文摘要
量子演化的非稳定化子（“魔法”）度量量化了其在经典计算机上模拟的难度。一个自然的问题是如何从物理关联器中提取关于魔法的信息，例如在有限温度或基态下。在本文中，我们展示了如何使用在任意态中评估的时序外关联器来测量魔法。对于每个满秩态，特别是每个吉布斯态，当且仅当演化是克利福德的时，所得量消失。我们确立了其基本性质，将其与崔态稳定子熵相关联，并证明即使使用单个固定探测算子，它也为在任何电路架构中实现动力学所需的$T$门数量提供了下界。
英文摘要
Measures of non-stabilizerness (``magic'') of a quantum evolution quantify how hard it is to simulate on a classical computer. A natural question is how to extract information about magic from physical correlators, for example at finite temperature or in the ground state. In this paper we show how to measure magic using out-of-time-order correlators evaluated in an arbitrary state. For every full-rank state, and in particular for every Gibbs state, the resulting quantity vanishes if and only if the evolution is Clifford. We establish its basic properties, relate it to the stabilizer entropy of the Choi state, and prove that, even with a single fixed probe operator, it gives a lower bound on the number of $T$ gates needed to implement the dynamics in any circuit architecture.
Comments4+6 pages, 1 figure
