发表机构
CERN（欧洲核子研究中心）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文为纵向束流跟踪模拟提供实用自包含入门，涵盖运动方程、集体效应、射频建模及代码优化，面向加速器领域新手。
AI 中文摘要
纵向束流动力学模拟是环形和直线加速器设计与运行的重要工具，从根本上支持从射频系统设计到基于束流测量解释的各个方面。本文对纵向束流跟踪进行了实用且自包含的介绍，面向希望构建或更好理解其模拟工具的新入门者。从束流跟踪与粒子云等离子体模拟之间的类比出发，介绍了基本运动方程、其离散化以及相空间坐标的选择，随后讨论了由机器阻抗驱动的集体效应。接着讨论了射频系统及其相关控制回路的建模，以及真实粒子分布的生成与匹配。简要涉及需要完全六维处理的一些选定主题，最后以纵向跟踪代码设计、优化和基准测试的实用指导作为结尾。
英文摘要
Longitudinal beam dynamics simulations are an essential tool for the design and operation of circular and linear accelerators alike, fundamentally supporting everything from RF system design to the interpretation of beam-based measurements. This paper gives a practical, self-contained introduction to longitudinal beam tracking, aimed at newcomers to the field who wish to build, or better understand, their simulation tools. Starting from the analogy between beam tracking and particle-in-cell plasma simulations, the basic equations of motion, their discretisation, and the choice of phase-space coordinates are introduced, followed by the collective effects driven by the machine impedance. The modelling of the RF system and its associated control loops, and the generation and matching of realistic particle distributions are discussed thereafter. Selected topics that require a fully six-dimensional treatment are briefly touched upon, before closing with practical guidance on the design, optimisation, and benchmarking of longitudinal tracking codes.
Comments32 pages, contribution to the CAS - CERN Accelerator School: "RF for Accelerators", 18 June - 01 July 2023, Berlin Germany
