线性问题的改进量子随机自归约
Improved Quantum Random Self-Reduction for Linear Problems
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- National Institute of Informatics(情报理工学院)
- Institute of Science Tokyo(东京科学大学)
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中文总结 AI 辅助
针对有限域线性问题,提出改进的量子随机自归约,利用Bogolyubov--Ruzsa子空间和振幅放大,将时间复杂度从O~(n^{3/2}+T)降至O~(nT^{1/3}),并实现查询与验证成本的可调权衡。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
我们研究了有限域上线性问题的量子随机自归约。设 $M\in\mathbb{F}^{n\times n}$ 为任意矩阵,$\mathcal{O}$ 为一个与线性映射 $x\mapsto Mx$ 在输入 $x\sim\mathbb{F}^n$ 的 $\varepsilon$ 比例上一致的预言机。给定对 $\mathcal{O}$ 的相干访问和对 $M$ 的相干条目访问,我们给出一个均匀量子归约,该归约在任意指定输入 $x$ 上以至少 $2/3$ 的概率计算 $Mx$,时间复杂度为 $\widetilde{O}(nT^{1/3})$,其中 $n\le T\le n^{3/2}$,且域大小和 $\varepsilon$ 为常数,$T$ 为对 $\mathcal{O}$ 进行一次相干查询的成本。特别地,当 $T=\widetilde{O}(n)$ 时,该归约的运行时间为 $\widetilde{O}(n^{4/3})$,改进了 Asadi、Golovnev、Gur、Shinkar 和 Subramanian (SODA 2024) 的 $\widetilde{O}(n^{3/2}+T)$ 归约。我们的归约使用了加法组合学所保证的 Bogolyubov--Ruzsa 子空间,但避免了显式学习该子空间,而这对先前的归约来说计算代价高昂;特别是,它不恢复其正交补的基。主要技术步骤是将输入分解为稀疏部分,并通过基于振幅放大的量子搜索找到位于 Bogolyubov--Ruzsa 子空间之外的向量。这产生了查询平均情况预言机的成本与验证矩阵-向量乘积的成本之间的可调权衡。
英文摘要
We study quantum random self-reductions for linear problems over finite fields. Let $M\in\mathbb{F}^{n\times n}$ be an arbitrary matrix, and let $\mathcal{O}$ be an oracle that agrees with the linear map $x\mapsto Mx$ on an $\varepsilon$-fraction of inputs $x\sim\mathbb{F}^n$. Given coherent access to $\mathcal{O}$ and coherent entry access to $M$, we give a uniform quantum reduction that computes $Mx$ on any prescribed input $x$ with probability at least $2/3$ in time $\widetilde{O}(nT^{1/3})$, for $n\le T\le n^{3/2}$ and constant field size and $\varepsilon$, where $T$ is the cost of one coherent query to $\mathcal{O}$. In particular, when $T=\widetilde{O}(n)$, the reduction runs in time $\widetilde{O}(n^{4/3})$, improving the $\widetilde{O}(n^{3/2}+T)$ reduction of Asadi, Golovnev, Gur, Shinkar, and Subramanian (SODA 2024). Our reduction uses the Bogolyubov--Ruzsa subspace guaranteed by additive combinatorics, but it avoids learning this subspace explicitly, which was computationally expensive for the previous reduction; in particular, it does not recover a basis for its orthogonal complement. The main technical step is to decompose the inputs into sparse pieces and find a vector that lies outside the Bogolyubov--Ruzsa subspace via a quantum search based on amplitude amplification. This yields a tunable tradeoff between the cost of querying the average-case oracle and the cost of verifying matrix-vector products.