黎曼流模型与强化学习用于分子晶体结构预测
Riemannian Flow Models with Reinforcement Learning for Molecular Crystal Structure Prediction
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- New York University(纽约大学)
- University of Minnesota(明尼苏达大学)
- University of Florida(佛罗里达大学)
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文提出CG-OMatG,一种基于等变黎曼流和强化学习的生成模型,用于分子晶体结构预测,通过粗粒化表示和策略梯度微调生成低能结构,在盲测基准上表现优异。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
晶体结构决定材料性质,使得晶体结构预测(CSP)成为材料科学中的一个基本问题。生成模型是解决该问题的一种有前景的方法,但多晶型现象的普遍存在,加上大的晶胞和复杂的堆积几何,使得现有模型难以应对分子CSP任务。为解决这一问题,我们引入了粗粒化开放材料生成(CG-OMatG),一种等变黎曼流基生成模型。CG-OMatG通过粗粒化、层次化表示来预测分子晶体结构。CG-OMatG将分子视为刚体——进行分子间和分子内消息传递以构建分子堆积的几何表示——并学习在化学物种和构象几何条件下重建分子质心位置、取向和晶格参数。我们在开放分子晶体(OMC25)和剑桥结构数据库(CSD)数据集的子集上训练模型。此外,我们通过策略梯度强化学习对模型进行微调,以引导模型生成低能候选结构。我们在CSP盲测基准上验证生成的结构,使用COMPACK堆积相似性分析评估与实验确定晶体的吻合度。CG-OMatG在生成性分子晶体结构预测中表现出强大性能,为加速多晶型筛选和有机固态材料发现铺平了道路。
英文摘要
Crystal structure governs material properties, making crystal structure prediction (CSP) a fundamental problem in materials science. Generative models are a promising approach for solving this problem, but the prevalence of polymorphism, coupled with large unit cells and complex packing geometry, makes the molecular CSP task challenging for existing models. To address this, we introduce Coarse-Grained Open Materials Generation (CG-OMatG), an equivariant Riemannian flow-based generative model. CG-OMatG predicts molecular crystal structures \textit{via} a coarse-grained, hierarchical representation. CG-OMatG treats molecules as rigid bodies---performing both inter- and intra-molecular message passing to construct a geometric representation for molecular packings---and learns to reconstruct molecule centroid positions, orientations, and lattice parameters, conditioned on chemical species and conformer geometry. We train the model on subsets of the Open Molecular Crystals (OMC25) and Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) datasets. Further, we fine-tune the model \textit{via} policy gradient reinforcement learning to steer the model towards generating low-energy candidate structures. We validate the generated structures on the CSP blind test benchmark, assessing agreement with experimentally determined crystals using COMPACK packing-similarity analysis. CG-OMatG exhibits strong performance for generative molecular crystal structure prediction, paving the way for accelerated polymorph screening and organic solid-state materials discovery.