发表机构
Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya - BarcelonaTech; Novartis Pharma AG; Ghent University; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Medical University of Vienna(加泰罗尼亚理工大学; 诺华制药; 根特大学; 布鲁塞尔自由大学; 维也纳医科大学)
机构由 AI 辅助整理,请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文针对平台试验中的时间趋势,探讨了条件与边际估计目标的定义,并评估了基于模型、G计算和增强逆概率加权三种估计器的偏差与方差,以指导估计目标、目标人群和试验数据的选择。
AI 中文摘要
在平台试验中,基于模型的方法通常以日历时间为条件来估计治疗效果。然而,科学和监管层面的关注点往往在于针对跨越多个入组期的目标人群所定义的治疗效果,这要求明确考虑效果应如何随时间进行平均。这引发了两个基本挑战。第一个挑战是在合并多个时期的数据时,如何定义合适的目标估计目标。第二个挑战是选择要使用的估计器。在本研究中,我们考察了具有时间趋势的平台试验中的条件估计目标和边际估计目标,并描述了感兴趣的目标人群。为了解决第二个挑战,我们评估了基于模型的方法、G计算方法和增强逆概率加权估计器,比较了它们的偏差和方差。我们讨论了估计目标的选择、目标人群以及用于估计的试验数据如何影响估计器的性能。
英文摘要
In platform trials, model-based approaches typically estimate treatment effects conditional on calendar time. However, scientific and regulatory interest often lies in treatment effects defined for a target population spanning multiple enrollment periods, requiring explicit consideration of how effects should be averaged across time. This raises two fundamental challenges. The first is the definition of the appropriate target estimand when combining data across multiple periods. The second is the selection of the estimator to be used. In this work, we examine conditional and marginal estimands in platform trials with time trends, and describe target populations of interest. To address the second challenge, we evaluate model-based, G-computation and augmented inverse probability weighting estimators, comparing their bias and variance. We discuss how the choice of estimand, target population and trial data used for estimation affects estimator performance.