发表机构
School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shandong University(山东大学数学与统计学院)
机构由 AI 辅助整理,请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文研究在二部排除条件下的$(2,\mathcal{F})$-避免染色和B-染色,证明了对于满足特定条件的图族,最大度足够大的$F$-自由图具有相应的色数上界,并开发了归约为超图匹配问题的统一方法。
AI 中文摘要
设 $\mathcal{F}$ 是一个非空的连通二部图族,其中每个图至少包含两条边。对于图 $G$,$G$ 的一个正常顶点染色是 $(2,\mathcal{F})$-避免的,如果 $\mathcal{F}$ 中没有成员以双色方式出现,并且 $\chi_{2,\mathcal{F}}(G)$ 表示这种染色所需的最少颜色数。$G$ 的 B-染色是一种正常边染色,其中每个 $4$-圈都是彩虹的,$q_B(G)$ 表示 $G$ 的 B-染色所需的最少颜色数。对于固定的连通二部图 $F$,其至少包含一条边,且二部分类为 $X_F$ 和 $Y_F$,定义 $k(F)=\min\{|I|:I\subseteq X_F\text{ 或 }I\subseteq Y_F,F-I\text{ 是森林}\}$。设 $m\ge2$ 是 $\mathcal{F}$ 中成员的最少边数。我们证明,如果 $k(F)\le m-2$,那么每个最大度 $\Delta$ 足够大的 $F$-自由图 $G$ 满足 $\chi_{2,\mathcal{F}}(G)=O((\frac{\Delta^m}{\log\Delta})^{\frac{1}{m-1}})$,这在尖锐意义上对 Chuet 的问题 A 和 C 给出了肯定回答,从而将 Chuet [ arXiv:2603.23379 ] 的结果从节俭染色扩展到 $(2,\mathcal{F})$-避免染色。对于 B-染色,令 $k=k(F)$,$h=|V(F)|$,$s=\min\{|X_F|,|Y_F|\}$。我们证明,每个最大度 $\Delta$ 足够大的 $F$-自由图 $G$ 满足 $q_B(G)\le \begin{cases} \Delta+\Delta^{1-\eta}+1, & \text{如果 }s\le2,\\\\ (4h-2)(\Delta-1)+1, & \text{如果 }s\ge3\text{ 且 }k\le1,\\\\ C\frac{\Delta^{2-\frac{1}{k}}}{\log\Delta}, & \text{如果 }k\ge2, \end{cases}$,其中 $\eta>0$ 和 $C>0$ 仅依赖于 $F$。对于 $k\le1$,线性阶是最优的,对于 $k\ge2$,该界几乎是尖锐的。为了证明这些结果,我们开发了一种将染色问题统一归约为辅助超图中的 $P$-完美匹配问题的归约方法,并应用 Delcourt 和 Postle 的禁止子匹配定理。
英文摘要
Let $\mathcal{F}$ be a nonempty family of connected bipartite graphs, each with at least two edges. For a graph $G$, a proper vertex coloring of $G$ is $(2,\mathcal{F})$-avoiding if no member of $\mathcal{F}$ occurs bichromatically, and $χ_{2,\mathcal{F}}(G)$ denotes the minimum number of colors in such a coloring. A B-coloring of $G$ is a proper edge-coloring in which every $4$-cycle is rainbow, and $q_B(G)$ denotes the minimum number of colors in a B-coloring of $G$. For a fixed connected bipartite graph $F$ with at least one edge and bipartition classes $X_F$ and $Y_F$, define $k(F)=\min\{|I|:I\subseteq X_F\text{ or }I\subseteq Y_F,F-I\text{ is a forest}\}$. Let $m\ge2$ be the minimum number of edges in a member of $\mathcal{F}$. We prove that if $k(F)\le m-2$, then every $F$-free graph $G$ of sufficiently large maximum degree $Δ$ satisfies $χ_{2,\mathcal{F}}(G)=O((\frac{Δ^m}{\logΔ})^{\frac{1}{m-1}})$, which gives a positive answer to Chuet's Problem A and C in a sharp sense, thereby extending the results of Chuet [arXiv:2603.23379] from frugal colorings to $(2,\mathcal{F})$-avoiding colorings. For B-colorings, put $k=k(F)$, $h=|V(F)|$, and $s=\min\{|X_F|,|Y_F|\}$. We prove that every $F$-free graph $G$ of sufficiently large maximum degree $Δ$ satisfies \[ q_B(G)\le \begin{cases} Δ+Δ^{1-η}+1, & \text{if }s\le2,\\ (4h-2)(Δ-1)+1, & \text{if }s\ge3\text{ and }k\le1,\\ C\frac{Δ^{2-\frac{1}{k}}}{\logΔ}, & \text{if }k\ge2, \end{cases} \] where $η>0$ and $C>0$ depend only on $F$. For $k\le1$, the linear order is best possible, and for $k\ge2$, the bound is nearly sharp. To prove these results, we develop a common reduction of the coloring problems to $P$-perfect matching problems in auxiliary hypergraphs and apply the forbidden-submatching theorem of Delcourt and Postle.
Comments24 pages, 2 figures