发表机构
Aalborg University（奥尔堡大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文提出纠缠传输框架，统一量化量子网络在多用户下性能随节点数和用户数的标度律，揭示资源聚合与物理实现的影响。
AI 中文摘要
随着量子网络向多用户架构发展，一个核心问题是纠缠分发的性能如何随网络节点数$N$和活跃用户数$M$扩展，然而现有研究使用不同的目标、资源假设和归一化方式。为了在多用户需求下考虑传递距离，我们定义了纠缠传输，它根据每个满足固定保真度阈值的传递贝尔对的端点间距进行加权。在一个两层框架中，（i）资源层在不同聚合体制下测量每个激活时隙的容量，以及（ii）物理层在实现约束下测量每秒的服务量。对于匹配的实现，当每秒激活时隙数量有界时，渐近聚合容量设定了服务上限，而可实现的服务必须单独确定。在扩展的蜂窝格上，对于单个随机会话，固定窗口纠缠渗滤构造在其阈值以下每个激活时隙实现$\Theta(N^{-1})$的纠缠传输，而在阈值以上实现$\Theta(\sqrt N)$。对于均匀链，渐近聚合超过固定窗口容量达$\Theta(N^2/M)$倍，并且在空间扩展中，有噪声的物理实现每秒实现$\Theta(M/N)$的服务量。这些例子表明，纠缠传输的标度不仅取决于连通性，还取决于资源聚合和物理实现。该框架为建立量子网络标度律提供了共同基础。
英文摘要
As quantum networks move toward multi-user architectures, a central question is how the performance of entanglement distribution scales with the numbers of network nodes $N$ and active users $M$, yet existing studies use different objectives, resource assumptions, and normalizations. To account for delivery distance under multi-user demand, we define entanglement transport, which weights each delivered Bell pair meeting a fixed fidelity threshold by its endpoint separation. In a two-layer framework, (i) a resource layer measures capacity per activation slot under different aggregation regimes, and (ii) a physical layer measures service per second under implementation constraints. For matched implementations with a bounded number of activation slots per second, asymptotic-aggregation capacity sets a service ceiling, whereas achievable service must be established separately. On expanding honeycomb lattices with one random session, fixed-window entanglement-percolation constructions achieve $Θ(N^{-1})$ entanglement transport per activation slot below their thresholds and $Θ(\sqrt N)$ above them. For homogeneous chains, asymptotic aggregation exceeds fixed-window capacity by a factor $Θ(N^2/M)$, and in spatial expansion a noisy physical implementation achieves $Θ(M/N)$ service per second. These examples show that entanglement-transport scaling depends not only on connectivity but also on resource aggregation and physical implementation. The framework provides a common basis on which quantum-network scaling laws can be established.
Comments36 pages, 3 figures
