发表机构
Max Born Institute; Institute of Physics, Humboldt University Berlin; Technion – Israel Institute of Technology（马克斯·玻恩研究所; 柏林洪堡大学物理研究所; 以色列理工学院）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究提出一种基于光子腔中原子云的雪崩量子传感机制，可对亚散粒噪声光场进行相位敏感的放大探测，实现两个数量级的噪声放大并保留相位信息，适用于量子态表征与弱信号检测。
AI 中文摘要
基于雪崩的小扰动探测在精密测量设备中很常见，从盖革计数器到单光子雪崩探测器。在此，我们将这一原理扩展到对低于量子散粒噪声极限的光波的传感，通过数值演示证明了当腔模被调谐到宇称禁止跃迁时，被困在光子腔中的原子云如何能够对腔场的变化表现出非微扰敏感性。我们发现，当用连续波激光泵浦时，原子云产生的发射会将初始的亚散粒噪声波动放大两个数量级。至关重要的是，这种放大在频率上具有广泛的可调性，并且与原子能级结构无关。更引人注目的是，我们的放大机制保留了原始超弱光波赋予原子的相位，这标志着对传统协议的一种质的改进。我们的发现对量子态表征和弱经典信号的检测都具有重要意义。
英文摘要
Avalanche-based detection of small perturbations is commonplace in precision measurement devices from Geiger counters to single-photon avalanche detectors. Here, we expand this principle to sensing of light waves below the quantum shot noise limit, demonstrating numerically how atomic clouds trapped in photonic cavities can exhibit non-perturbative sensitivity to changes in the cavity field when the cavity mode is tuned to a parity-prohibited transition. We find that, when pumped by a continuous-wave laser, the atomic cloud creates emissions which amplify the initially sub-shot-noise fluctuation by two orders of magnitude. Crucially, this amplification is broadly tunable with respect to frequency and independent of atomic energy structure. Even more strikingly, our amplification mechanism preserves the phase imparted on the atoms by the original ultra-weak light wave, marking a qualitative improvement over conventional protocols. Our finding has implications for both quantum state characterization and detection of weak classical signals.
