发表机构
Stanford University; Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory; University of California San Diego; University of Pennsylvania; Princeton University（斯坦福大学; 卡弗里粒子天体物理与宇宙学研究所; SLAC国家加速器实验室; 加州大学圣地亚哥分校; 宾夕法尼亚大学; 普林斯顿大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文介绍西蒙斯天文台大口径望远镜的低温超导探测器读出系统设计，采用微波频率多路复用实现每传输线读出860个测热辐射计，成功读出81.4%探测器，性能满足关键基准。
AI 中文摘要
我们介绍了高度多路复用的低温超导探测器读出系统在部署到西蒙斯天文台大口径望远镜（LAT）过程中的设计、实现和初始性能。西蒙斯天文台是一个宇宙微波背景实验，位于智利阿塔卡马沙漠海拔5200米处。除了其6米大口径望远镜（其广泛的科学目标涵盖从探测大尺度结构到搜寻新的太阳系天体）之外，该天文台目前还包括三台0.42米小口径望远镜，用于搜寻原初引力波的特征。为实现这些科学目标，天文台的四台望远镜已部署了近10万个光学耦合的过渡边缘传感器测热辐射计。这些望远镜的读出系统使用微波频率多路复用，每条传输线可同时读出860个光学耦合测热辐射计。这得益于大规模制造的多路复用芯片，每个芯片内为每个探测器配备射频超导量子干涉器件，以及用于读出这些测热辐射计的室温电子学的发展。这使得迄今最大规模的天文观测超导传感器部署成为可能。本文重点介绍大口径望远镜低温接收器中63,000个探测器的读出系统的设计与实现。我们展示了望远镜运行早期阶段的性能结果。结果表明，读出系统的性能使仪器能够满足关键基准，包括成功读出其81.4%的光学耦合测热辐射计（超出预期），以及读出噪声等效电流与部署前规格一致。
英文摘要
We present the design, implementation, and initial performance of a highly multiplexed cryogenic superconducting detector readout system in the context of its deployment to the Simons Observatory large-aperture telescope (LAT). The Simons Observatory is a cosmic microwave background experiment located at 5,200 m in Chile's Atacama Desert. In addition to its 6 m LAT, whose broad range of science goals spans probing large-scale structure to searching for new Solar System objects, the observatory also currently includes three 0.42 m small-aperture telescopes, which search for signatures of primordial gravitational waves. Nearly 100,000 optically-coupled transition-edge sensor bolometers have been deployed across the observatory's four telescopes to enable these science goals. The readout systems for these telescopes use microwave frequency multiplexing to simultaneously read out 860 optically-coupled bolometers per transmission line. This is enabled by the large-scale fabrication of multiplexing chips which house radio-frequency superconducting quantum interference devices for each detector, and the development of room-temperature electronics to read out these bolometers. This has enabled the largest deployment of superconducting sensors for astronomical observations to date. This paper focuses on the design and implementation of the readout system for the 63,000 detectors in the LAT's cryogenic receiver. We present performance results from an early phase in the telescope's operation. We show that the readout system's performance enables the instrument to meet key benchmarks, including successful readout of 81.4% of its optically-coupled bolometers, which exceeds projections, and readout noise-equivalent current consistent with pre-deployment specifications.
Comments18 pages, 13 figures. Submitted to The Astrophysical Journal
