突破有向哈密顿回路问题的 $2^n$ 障碍
Breaking the $2^n$ barrier for directed hamiltonicity
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中文总结 AI 辅助
提出随机化算法,将一般有向图哈密顿回路时间改进为 $O^*(1.9133^n)$,突破 $2^n$ 障碍,通过结合行列式方法和随机线性化实现。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
我们针对 $n$ 个顶点的有向图上的有向哈密顿回路问题,给出一个运行时间为 $O^*((375/196)^n)=O^*(1.9133^n)$ 的随机化算法。对于一般有向图,这是对 Bellman 和 Held--Karp (1962) 的经典 $O^*(2^n)$ 时间算法在指数底数上的首次改进。为获得此改进,我们首先给出一个 $(2-2^{-d})^n \\, \text{poly}(n,W)$ 时间的算法,用于在至多 $d$ 个来自 $\{1,\ldots,W\}$ 的不同权重进入每个顶点时,对每个总权重下哈密顿路径数模二进行计数。该算法结合了 Björklund、Kaski 和 Koutis (ICALP 2017) 的拉普拉斯行列式方法,以及 Arvind 和 Guruswami (IPEC 2021) 也使用的随机线性化技术。为在保持 $d$ 较小的情况下应用隔离引理,我们随机删除和复制弧,将每个顶点的入弧划分为 $d$ 组,其中 $d\ge2$。我们证明,如果输入图存在从 $s$ 到 $t$ 的哈密顿路径,那么至少以概率 $\left(1-\frac{1}{1+(2^d-1)^2}\right)^{n-1}$,可以在除 $s$ 外的每个顶点选择一组,使得所选弧包含奇数条这样的路径。
英文摘要
We give a randomized algorithm for Directed Hamiltonian Cycle on $n$-vertex directed graphs that runs in time $O^*((375/196)^n)=O^*(1.9133^n)$. For general directed graphs, this is the first improvement in the exponential base over the classical $O^*(2^n)$-time algorithms of Bellman and Held--Karp (1962). To obtain this improvement, we first give a $(2-2^{-d})^n \, \text{poly}(n,W)$-time algorithm for counting Hamiltonian paths modulo two at each total weight when at most $d$ distinct weights from $\{1,\ldots,W\}$ enter each vertex. The algorithm combines the Laplacian determinant method of Björklund, Kaski, and Koutis (ICALP 2017) with a random linearization also used by Arvind and Guruswami (IPEC 2021). To apply the isolation lemma while keeping $d$ small, we randomly delete and duplicate arcs, partitioning the incoming copies at each vertex into $d$ groups, where $d\ge2$. We show that, if the input graph has a Hamiltonian path from $s$ to $t$, then with probability at least $\left(1-\frac{1}{1+(2^d-1)^2}\right)^{n-1}$ one can select one group at each vertex other than $s$ so that the selected arcs contain an odd number of such paths.
发表机构
- The University of Tokyo(东京大学)
- CyberAgent, Inc.(CyberAgent公司)
机构由 AI 辅助整理,请以论文原文为准。