发表机构
AWS Center for Quantum Computing; Yale Quantum Institute & Department of Applied Physics, Yale University; Alice & Bob; Laboratoire de Physique de l’École Normale Supérieure, École Normale Supérieure, Centre Automatique et Systèmes, Mines Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Inria（亚马逊量子计算中心; 耶鲁大学量子研究所与应用物理系; Alice & Bob; 巴黎高等师范学院物理实验室、巴黎高等师范学院、自动与系统中心、巴黎矿业学院、巴黎文理研究大学、法国国家科学研究中心、Inria）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文提出一个基于熵的简单代理指标，通过局部比较噪声熵与稳定子测量信息来预测多种量子纠错协议的阈值，与数值结果高度一致，为QEC性能提供了便捷的粗略估计方法。
AI 中文摘要
量子纠错（QEC）协议的快速发展产生了大量数值数据，但用于理解和预测其性能的启发式方法相对较少。在此，我们开发了一个基于熵的简单代理指标，用于预测多种QEC协议的阈值，涵盖从具有偏置Pauli或擦除噪声的Clifford变形表面码的码容量设置，到具有标志量子比特的表面码或颜色码的电路级噪声模型。我们的代理指标通过局部比较噪声熵与通过稳定子测量（或在电路级设置中的时空探测器和标志结果）获得的错误信息来估计阈值。尽管忽略了稳定子结果之间的相关性以及码简并性的贡献，该代理指标仍能捕捉不同设置中的主要趋势，并产生与数值结果高度一致的阈值估计。我们的工作发展了急需的现象学方法，使得能够对QEC性能进行简单的粗略估计，并恢复和解释了计算密集型详细模拟的结果。
英文摘要
The rapidly growing landscape of quantum error-correction (QEC) protocols has produced a wealth of numerical data, but comparatively few heuristics for understanding and predicting their performance. Here, we develop a simple entropy-based proxy that predicts the thresholds of a variety of QEC protocols, ranging from the code-capacity setting of Clifford-deformed surface codes with biased Pauli or erasure noise to the circuit-level noise model of the surface or color codes with flag qubits. Our proxy estimates the threshold by locally comparing the noise entropy with the error information gained via stabilizer measurements (or spacetime detectors and flag outcomes in the circuit-level settings). Despite neglecting correlations between stabilizer outcomes and the contribution from code degeneracy, the proxy captures the main trends across diverse settings and yields threshold estimates in good agreement with numerical results. Our work develops much-needed phenomenology that enables simple back-of-the-envelope estimates of QEC performance, recovering and providing an explanation for the results of computationally intensive detailed simulations.
Comments14 pages, 4 figures
