发表机构
Okayama University; Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute for Atomic and Subatomic Physics, Atominstitut, TU Wien; Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University; Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute; Graduate School of Science, Osaka University（冈山大学; 中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院; 维也纳工业大学原子与亚原子物理研究所/原子研究所; 京都大学综合辐射核科学研究所; 日本同步辐射研究机构; 大阪大学理学研究科）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究通过温度依赖性发光测量，揭示了$^{229}$Th:CaF$_2$中缺陷动力学与同核异能素淬灭的关联，为固态核钟的材料优化提供了统一图像。
AI 中文摘要
掺杂钍-229的氟化钙（$^{229}$Th:CaF$_2$）是固态核钟的主要候选材料，这得益于$^{229}$Th同核异能素跃迁异常低的能量（8.3557 eV）以及CaF$_2$约12 eV的极高带隙。本文报道了$^{229}$Th:CaF$_2$发光的温度依赖性研究，涵盖辐射发光、光致发光、热释光和余辉。利用同步辐射X射线激发并结合低温真空系统，我们将自陷激子（STE）闪烁的热淬灭分解为其三重态和单重态组分，识别出十一个热释光峰及其对应的发射带，并分离出构成长寿命余辉的温度相关组分。由此获得的陷阱深度与X射线诱导的同核异能素淬灭的温度依赖性密切相关，包括在-60°C附近增强的同核异能素产率以及在-80°C附近的最小值，支持了载流子俘获图像，即被俘获的载流子无法用于淬灭原子核。综合来看，这些结果通过电子缺陷和钍相关陷阱的统一图像将$^{229}$Th:CaF$_2$的光学与核观测量联系起来，同时提供了与该材料相关的全面表征，对固态核钟的运行具有重要意义。
英文摘要
Thorium-229 doped calcium fluoride ($^{229}$Th:CaF$_2$) is a leading candidate for a solid-state nuclear clock, owing to the unusually low energy of the $^{229}$Th isomer transition at 8.3557\,eV and the very high banggap of CaF$_2$ around 12\,eV. Here we report a temperature-dependent study of $^{229}$Th:CaF$_2$ luminescence, covering radioluminescence, photoluminescence, thermoluminescence, and afterglow. Using synchrotron x-ray excitation together with a cryo-vacuum system, we resolve the thermal quenching of the self-trapped exciton (STE) scintillation into its triplet and singlet components, identify eleven thermoluminescence glow peaks together with their associated emission bands, and separate the temperature-dependent components that make up the long-lived afterglow. The trap depths obtained in this way are closely correlated with the temperature dependence of x-ray-induced isomer quenching, including the enhanced isomer yield near \SI{-60}{\celsius} and the minimum near \SI{-80}{\celsius}, supporting the carrier-trapping picture in which trapped carriers are unavailable to quench the nucleus. Taken together, these results connect the optical and nuclear observables of $^{229}$Th:CaF$_2$ through a unified picture of electron defects and Th-related traps, while providing a comprehensive characterization of the material relevant to solid-state nuclear clock operation.
Comments12 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables
