浅电路中可实验验证的量子优势
Experimentally Testable Quantum Advantage in Shallow Circuits
- IonQ Inc.（IonQ公司）
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland（量子信息与计算机科学联合中心，美国国家标准与技术研究院/马里兰大学）
- University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland（马里兰大学高级计算机研究所，马里兰大学）
- Universidad de Sevilla（塞维利亚大学）
- Instituto Carlos I de Física Teórica y Computacional, Universidad de Sevilla（塞维利亚大学卡洛斯一世理论与计算物理研究所）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
AI总结：
该研究改进了浅电路量子优势的有限规模经典界，提出基于图分布和遥传的两轮测试方案，使经典成功概率任意小，并给出99量子比特的可实验验证方案。
AI中文摘要：
浅电路量子优势的实验测试需要在有限电路规模下给出明确的经典界。我们改进了Aasnaess图分布构造的有限规模经典可靠性界，使其线性依赖于玩家数量。结合标准的分离玩家重复，这为任何具有有限维完美量子策略和经典获胜概率γ<1的有限非局域博弈，给出了在单处理器上的两轮测试，且经典成功概率可任意小。该方法基于使用分离玩家进行m份拷贝，并在问题揭示前将每个玩家的寄存器传送到N个站点中均匀随机的一个。固定布线的深度为D、扇入为K的经典响应的每个答案位最多依赖于K^D个问题线，因此当N很大时，跨玩家依赖不太可能发生。量子实现每轮具有恒定深度并以确定性获胜。经典设备获胜概率至多为γ^m+O(mK^D/N)，对于m=⌈log_{1/γ}N⌉，在固定D和K时，该概率随O(log N/N)消失。我们提出了一个使用99个量子比特的可实验验证量子优势的明确方案。
英文摘要：
Experimental tests of shallow-circuit quantum advantage require explicit classical bounds at finite circuit sizes. We refine the finite-size classical soundness bound of Aasnaess's graph-distributed construction to depend linearly on the number of players. Combined with standard disjoint-player repetition, this gives a two-round test on a single processor for any finite nonlocal game with a finite-dimensional perfect quantum strategy and classical winning probability $γ<1$, with arbitrarily small classical success. The method is based on playing $m$ copies with disjoint players and teleporting each player's register to a uniformly random one of $N$ sites before the questions are revealed. Each answer bit of a depth-$D$, fan-in-$K$ classical response with fixed wiring depends on at most $K^D$ question wires, making cross-player dependencies unlikely when $N$ is large. The quantum implementation has constant depth per round and wins with certainty. A classical device wins with probability at most $γ^m+O(mK^D/N)$, which vanishes as $O(\log N/N)$ for $m=\lceil\log_{1/γ}N\rceil$ at fixed $D$ and $K$. We present an explicit proposal for an experimentally testable quantum advantage with 99 qubits.
