经典验证者基于非局域博弈的位置验证

中文摘要 AI 辅助

安全位置验证旨在证明远程证明者占据所声称的位置，这一任务在仅使用经典资源对抗合谋对手时已被证明是不可能的。现有的大多数量子位置验证方案需要在验证者和证明者之间传输量子态，由此产生的光子损耗使得远距离验证变得不切实际。存在具有经典验证者-证明者通信的经典验证者位置验证（CVPV）方案，但这些方案依赖于能够生成可认证随机性的复杂量子过程，使其超出了近期硬件的实现能力。在此，我们引入一个通用编译器，将任何具有所需量子优势的完备支持非局域博弈映射为多证明者CVPV协议。这同时解决了上述两个限制，即验证者-证明者通信完全经典，且所有量子资源仅限于共享纠缠和证明者设备上的局域测量。以CHSH博弈实例化后，可在现有实验平台上实现近期实现。我们在量子随机预言模型中证明了多证明者同时验证和单证明者多设备验证的有限尺寸安全性。值得注意的是，多证明者设置中的安全性并非由联合证明者输出的可认证随机性决定，而是由依赖于证明者和验证者空间布局的关键可认证盲局域随机性决定。

英文摘要

Secure position verification certifies that a remote prover occupies a claimed location, a task that is provably impossible with classical resources alone against colluding adversaries. Most existing quantum position verification schemes require transmitting quantum states between verifiers and provers, and the resulting photon loss makes long-distance verification impractical. Classical verifier position verification (CVPV) schemes with classical verifier-prover communication exist, but rely on complex quantum processes that generate certifiable randomness, placing them outside the reach of near-term hardware. Here we introduce a general compiler that maps any complete-support non-local game with the required quantum advantage into a multi-prover CVPV protocol. This addresses both limitations, with entirely classical verifier-prover communication and all quantum resources confined to shared entanglement and local measurements on the prover devices. Instantiating with the CHSH game enables near-term implementation on existing experimental platforms. We prove finite-size security in the quantum random oracle model for both simultaneous verification of multiple provers and verification of a single prover with multiple prover devices. Notably, security in the multi-prover setting is governed not by the certified randomness of the joint provers' outputs, but by certified blind local randomness that depends critically on the spatial arrangement of provers and verifiers.

发表机构

• Global Technology Applied Research, JPMorganChase（摩根大通全球应用技术研究）

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