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arXiv 2609.38373astro-ph.HEastro-ph.GA

NEXUS:在 $z=5$ 处发现一颗明亮的年轻暂现源

NEXUS: Discovery of a Luminous Young Transient at $z=5$

  • University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign(伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校)
  • National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign(伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校超级计算应用国家中心)
  • University of Pennsylvania(宾夕法尼亚大学)
  • Carnegie Mellon University(卡内基梅隆大学)
  • Space Telescope Science Institute(太空望远镜科学研究所)
  • UC San Diego(加州大学圣地亚哥分校)
  • University of Arizona(亚利桑那大学)
  • Princeton University(普林斯顿大学)

机构由 AI 辅助整理,请以论文原文为准。

Ming-Yang Zhuang, Yue Shen, Lei Hu, Justin D. R. Pierel, Zhiwei Pan, Zachary Stone, Adam J. Burgasser, Xiaohui Fan, Jenny E. Greene, Junyao Li, Feige Wang

AI总结:

NEXUS 计划在 z≈5 处发现年轻暂现源 AT 2026abck,通过 JWST 高节奏空白场观测捕获其早期紫外明亮阶段,表明高红移核心坍缩超新星可存在于多种宿主环境。

AI中文摘要:

我们报告发现 AT 2026abck,这是一颗位于恒星形成星系中的年轻暂现源,红移为 $z=5.017\pm0.001$,由 NEXUS JWST 巡天计划第二年观测数据识别。AT 2026abck 于 2026 年 8 月 7 日在 NIRCam F200W 成像中被探测到,同时在并行的 NIRCam F150W+F277W 成像中也有探测。根据最后一次未探测结果推断,其在 F200W 波段于约 12 个静止系天内增亮超过 1.4 星等。AT 2026abck 在 F150W、F200W 和 F277W 波段的星等几乎相同,约为 27.4 星等,但在 F444W 波段未被探测到(大于 27.9 星等,3$\u03c3$)。这是首个在非透镜场中稳健探测到的 $z\gtrsim 5$ 暂现源。黑体拟合得出其热光球温度约为 $1.7\times10^4\\, \mathrm{K}$,半径约为 $7\times10^{14}$ 厘米(约 46 天文单位),热光度约为 $3\times10^{43}\\, {\rm erg\\, s^{-1}}$。其偏离星系核的位置和热且紫外明亮的谱能量分布(SED)支持其核心坍缩超新星起源,而其温度和光度超过正常 II 型超新星在类似早期阶段的值。我们估计 AT 2026abck 在爆炸后约 4-10 个静止系天内被探测到。其宿主星系是一个中等质量($M_*\approx10^{9.8}\\,M_\odot$)、恒星形成(${\rm SFR}\approx20\\,M_\odot\\,{\rm yr^{-1}}$)的星系,位于 $z\approx5$ 主序上,比 $z=5.13$ 处透镜超新星 Eos 的超暗弱宿主星系质量大约 3.3 个数量级。综合这两个事件,表明 $z>5$ 处的核心坍缩超新星发生在多种宿主环境中,而 AT 2026abck 证明了高节奏空白场 JWST 巡天能够在其早期紫外明亮阶段捕获高红移超新星。

英文摘要:

We report the discovery of AT 2026abck, a young transient in a star-forming galaxy at $z=5.017\pm0.001$, identified from Year-2 observations of the NEXUS JWST treasury program. AT 2026abck was detected on 2026 Aug 7 in NIRCam F200W imaging, with contemporaneous detection from parallel NIRCam F150W+F277W imaging. It brightened by $>1.4$ mag in F200W over $\lesssim 12$ rest-frame days, as inferred from the last non-detection. AT 2026abck has nearly identical magnitudes of $\sim27.4$ mag in F150W, F200W, and F277W, and is undetected in F444W ($>27.9$ mag, 3$σ$). It is the first robustly detected $z\gtrsim 5$ transient in a non-lensing field. A blackbody fit yields a hot photosphere ($\sim1.7\times10^4\, \mathrm{K}$) with a radius of $\sim7\times10^{14}$ cm ($\sim46$ au) and a bolometric luminosity of $\sim3\times10^{43}\, {\rm erg\, s^{-1}}$. Its off-nucleus location and hot, UV-bright SED favor a core-collapse supernova origin, while its temperature and luminosity exceed those of normal SNe II at comparable early phases. We estimate that AT 2026abck was detected $\sim4$-10 rest-frame days after explosion. The host is an intermediate-mass ($M_*\approx10^{9.8}\,M_\odot$), star-forming (${\rm SFR}\approx20\,M_\odot\,{\rm yr^{-1}}$) galaxy on the $z\approx5$ main sequence, $\sim3.3$ dex more massive than the ultra-faint host of the lensed SN Eos at $z=5.13$. Together, the two events show that CCSNe at $z>5$ occur across a wide range of host environments, and AT 2026abck demonstrates that high-cadence blank-field JWST surveys can capture high-redshift SNe during their early, UV-bright phase.

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