发表机构
University of Glasgow; Universitat de Barcelona; Università degli Studi di Messina; INFN Sezione di Catania; Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility; University of York; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México（格拉斯哥大学; 巴塞罗那大学; 墨西拿大学; 意大利国家核物理研究所卡塔尼亚分部; 托马斯·杰斐逊国家加速器实验室; 约克大学; 墨西哥国立自治大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文提出一种基于反射率振幅的介子电产生分波分析形式体系，利用宇称对称性实现振幅对角化，无需Rosenbluth分离即可区分纵向与横向截面，并推广至极化情况，为CLAS12、GlueX及未来EIC实验提供完整振幅提取框架。
AI 中文摘要
我们提出了一种基于反射率振幅的介子电产生综合分波分析形式体系。通过应用基于宇称的对称性，我们构建了一个完全对角化的框架，将复产生振幅与可测量的球谐矩和自旋密度矩阵元联系起来。我们证明，在高能Regge因子化假设下，纵向和横向截面可以自然地分离，无需依赖束流能量变化的Rosenbluth分离。我们通过数值闭合性测试验证了这种反演方法，并将其应用于HERMES和COMPASS现有的非极化$\rho^0$和$\omega$电产生数据。提取的振幅与$\rho^0$的$s$道螺旋度守恒预期一致，同时清晰地分离了$\omega$产生中大的非自然宇称π介子交换贡献，无需模型依赖的背景近似。最后，我们系统地将该形式体系推广到包含初始靶核子和反冲重子极化，建立了完整振幅提取所需的严格可观测量，不再需要任何因子化假设。这一统一框架直接支持即将在CLAS12、GlueX以及未来电子-离子对撞机上开展的光谱学和核子结构研究计划。
英文摘要
We present a comprehensive partial-wave analysis formalism for meson electroproduction based on reflectivity amplitudes. By applying parity-based symmetries, we construct a fully diagonalized framework that relates complex production amplitudes to measurable spherical harmonic moments and Spin Density Matrix Elements. We demonstrate that, under the assumption of high-energy Regge factorization, longitudinal and transverse cross sections can be natively separated without requiring beam-energy-varying Rosenbluth separations. We validate this inversion methodology through numerical closure tests and apply it to existing unpolarized $ρ^0$ and $ω$ electroproduction data from HERMES and COMPASS. The extracted amplitudes align with $s$-channel helicity conservation expectations for the $ρ^0$, while clearly isolating the large unnatural-parity pion exchange contribution in $ω$ production without model-dependent background approximations. Finally, we systematically generalize the formalism to include initial target and recoil baryon polarization, establishing the rigorous observables required for complete amplitude extraction, no longer requiring any factorisation assumptions. This unified framework directly supports upcoming spectroscopy and nucleon structure programs at CLAS12, GlueX, and the future Electron-Ion Collider.
Comments44 pages (31 excluding extra appendix figures), 19 figures, 5 tables, 7 main sections and 8 appendices
