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arXiv 2609.38319quant-ph

当对称性抑制魔法时

When Symmetry Suppresses Magic

A. de Oliveira Junior, Jake Xuereb, Rafael A. Macêdo, Jonatan Bohr Brask, Rafael Chaves

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中文总结 AI 辅助

本文证明N量子比特X态的魔法鲁棒性至多√3,提出基于对称性的高效下界方法,并解析推导魔法出现的临界温度,展示了对称性对魔法的约束作用。

中文摘要 AI 辅助

非稳定子资源(Nonstabilizerness)是量子优势的关键资源,但对其进行评估,尤其是对混合态而言,需要随系统规模呈超指数增长的样本数量,这使得该问题成为NP难问题。尽管已知对称性可以降低这种复杂性,但尚不清楚它们是否也限制了魔法的数量。在这项工作中,我们通过证明N量子比特X态的魔法鲁棒性(RoM)至多为$\sqrt{3}$,提供了这样一个对称性的明确示例。利用这一对称性约束,我们引入了一种计算高效的方法来下界估计任意多体态的RoM,并展示了其在自旋-1/2哈密顿量基态上的实用性,这些系统规模远超精确评估的能力范围。此外,对于平衡态为X态的哈密顿量,我们解析地推导了魔法出现的临界温度。我们的工作展示了为什么某些对称性约束魔法而其他对称性不约束,提供了一种可扩展的下界估计方法,并确定了一个非平凡的区域,在该区域中多体非稳定子资源是可解析求解的。

英文摘要

Nonstabilizerness is a critical resource for quantum advantage, but evaluating it, especially for mixed states, requires superexponentially many samples in system size, making the problem NP-hard. While symmetries are known to reduce this complexity, it is unclear whether they also restrict the amount of magic. In this work, we provide an explicit example of such a symmetry by proving that the Robustness of Magic (RoM) for N-qubit X-states is at most $\sqrt{3}$. Leveraging this symmetry constraint, we introduce a computationally efficient method to lower-bound the RoM of arbitrary many-body states, demonstrating its utility on the ground states of a spin-1/2 Hamiltonian with system sizes well beyond the reach of exact evaluation. Furthermore, for Hamiltonians whose equilibrium states are X-states, we analytically derive the critical temperature at which magic emerges. Our work shows why certain symmetries constrain magic while others do not, provides a scalable lower-bounding method, and identifies a nontrivial regime where many-body nonstabilizerness is analytically solvable.

发表机构

  • Technical University of Denmark(丹麦技术大学)
  • TU Wien(维也纳工业大学)
  • University of Copenhagen(哥本哈根大学)
  • Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte(北里奥格兰德联邦大学)

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