高节奏、深度时域巡天时代中的近邻超新星科学
Nearby Supernova Science in the Era of High Cadence, Deep Time Domain Surveys
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中文总结 AI 辅助
该研究探讨了LSST时代近邻超新星的科学机遇，提出通过阴影巡天和快速光谱弥补其节奏不足，以探测早期特征并倡导建立近邻星系瞬变经纪平台。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
我们讨论了在薇拉·C·鲁宾天文台时空遗产巡天（LSST）时代近邻超新星（SNe）的科学机遇，重点强调了超新星演化的最早阶段以及同步高节奏阴影巡天的价值。LSST的宽快深巡天将发现数量巨大的超新星，但其约3天的节奏将错过在数小时至数天时间尺度上演化的特征，需要通过其他项目的节奏增强来弥补。我们提出了早期超新星特征的简单深度和节奏度量，并利用经验性的近邻超新星发现率来估算由此产生的科学机遇。LSST将探测或限制来自数百颗核坍缩超新星的前身星发射，包括每年约50-100颗IIn型和正常II型超新星，以及每年约5颗Ibn型超新星。在约200 Mpc范围内，每年约有250颗Ia型超新星被分类，这为识别数百个早期光变曲线超出提供了潜力，并能对极端高速特征（>25,000 km s^-1）的发生率进行稳健测量。一个深度约22.5星等的阴影巡天可以搜索早期光变曲线特征，类似于在SN2023ixf中看到的光变曲线超出，每年可在数十颗近邻核坍缩超新星中进行。每年对约160 Mpc范围内的约150颗II型超新星进行快速光谱观测，可以在几年内将短寿命闪光特征的发生率限制在约10%以下，同时将其与正常II型超新星中前身星发射的比率联系起来。我们还讨论了早期分类模糊性和微弱非终结瞬变带来的挑战，并请求对近邻星系天区免除LSST图像的80小时禁运期。最后，我们倡导建立一个近邻星系瞬变经纪系统，将瞬变流、档案数据、强制测光和后续触发整合在一个单一平台中。
英文摘要
We discuss science opportunities for nearby supernovae (SNe) in the era of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), emphasizing the youngest phases of SN evolution and the value of contemporaneous high-cadence shadowing surveys. LSST's Wide Fast Deep survey will discover enormous numbers of SNe, but its $\sim 3$ day cadence will miss signatures that evolve on timescales of hours to days, requiring cadence augmentation by other programs. We present simple depth and cadence metrics for early SN signatures and use empirical nearby SN discovery rates to estimate the resulting science opportunities. LSST will detect or set limits on precursor emission from hundreds of core-collapse SNe, including $\gtrsim 50$-100 Type IIn and normal Type II SNe annually, as well as $\gtrsim$5 Type Ibn. Within $\sim 200$ Mpc, roughly 250 Type Ia SNe are classified annually, providing the potential to identify hundreds of early light-curve excesses, and a robust measurement of the incidence of extreme high-velocity features ($>$25,000 km s$^{-1}$). A shadowing survey with a depth of $\sim 22.5$ mag could search for early light-curve features, akin to the light-curve excess seen in SN2023ixf, across dozens of nearby core-collapse SNe every year. Rapid spectroscopy of $\gtrsim$150 Type II SNe per year within $\sim$160 Mpc could constrain the incidence of short-lived flash features to $\lesssim$10% within a few years, while also tying this to the rate of precursor emission in normal Type II SNe. We also discuss the challenges posed by early classification ambiguity and faint nonterminal transients, and we request that the 80 hour embargo on LSST images be waived for nearby galaxy fields. Finally, we advocate for a Nearby Galaxy Transient Broker that integrates transient streams, archival data, forced photometry, and follow-up triggering in a single platform.
发表机构
- University of Arizona（亚利桑那大学）
- University of California, San Diego（加州大学圣地亚哥分校）
- Caltech（加州理工学院）
- Gemini Observatory/NSF’s NOIRLab（吉米尼天文台/美国国家光学红外天文实验室）
- Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian（哈佛-史密森天体物理中心）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
