发表机构
NORC at the University of Chicago; Research to Reach; University of Nebraska-Lincoln（芝加哥大学 NORC 研究所; Research to Reach; 内布拉斯加大学林肯分校）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究通过全国代表性调查，量化了美国成年人常见数据可视化类型的接触差异，发现条形图等广泛使用，而许多图表类型认知度低，且受年龄和教育影响，强调设计应匹配受众经验。
AI 中文摘要
数据可视化是向公众传达统计信息的主要手段。它们在新闻媒体、公共卫生、教育和政府报告中的使用日益增多，使得受众识别和解读它们的能力变得更加重要。尽管已有大量先前研究建立了图表和可视化素养的测量框架，但对于普通成年人口日常接触不同类型图表的情况却知之甚少。这一差距限制了我们有意义地解读图表素养差异、集中精力提高该素养以及设计与受众能力相符的可视化的能力。因此，建立数据可视化接触的人群水平估计对于改善视觉传达和减少对定量信息的误解至关重要。为了解决这一差距，我们通过NORC的AmeriSpeak面板对1,168名具有全国代表性的美国成年人进行了调查，了解他们对十六种不同常见数据可视化类型的接触情况。调查结果显示，不同图表类型和人口群体之间的数据可视化基线接触存在显著差异。虽然条形图、饼图、折线图和分组条形图等广泛使用的格式对绝大多数美国成年人来说高度可识别，但许多其他从业者偏爱的图表类型对相当一部分成年人口来说仍然陌生。接触情况也因年龄和教育程度而显著不同，教育程度越高与接触更多相关，而老年人总体上报告接触较少。我们的发现为可视化素养提供了重要的人群水平背景，并强调了将数据可视化设计与受众的接触和经验相结合的重要性。
英文摘要
Data visualizations are a primary means of communicating statistical information to the public. Their expanding use across news media, public health, education, and government reporting places greater importance on audiences' ability to recognize and interpret them. While a significant body of prior research has established frameworks for the measurement of graph and visualization literacy, far less is known about everyday exposure to different kinds of charts and graphs among the general adult population. This gap limits our ability to meaningfully interpret differences in graph literacy, focus efforts on improving that literacy, and design visualizations that align with audience ability. Establishing population level estimates of exposure to data visualizations is therefore essential for improving visual communication and reducing misinterpretation of quantitative information. To address this gap, we surveyed a nationally representative sample of 1,168 U.S. adults via NORC's AmeriSpeak panel about their exposure to sixteen different common data visualization types. The resulting survey responses demonstrate pronounced differences in baseline exposure to data visualizations across chart types and demographic groups. While widely used formats such as bar, pie, line, and grouped bar charts are highly recognizable to the vast majority of U.S. adults, many other practitioner-favored chart types remain unfamiliar to substantial portions of the adult population. Exposure also differs significantly by age and education, with higher educational attainment linked to greater exposure and older adults reporting lower exposure overall. Our findings provide essential population level context on visualization literacy and underscore the importance of aligning data visualization design with audience exposure and experience.
