发表机构
Pasqal; Thales SIX GTS France（帕斯卡尔; 泰雷兹六世GTS法国）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
针对量子网络中的保真度约束纠缠路由问题，提出将中性原子量子优化作为列生成框架中的定价预言机，在小型基准上实现低于1%的最优性差距，验证了混合经典-量子方法的可行性。
AI 中文摘要
在量子信息网络中，高效端到端纠缠分发需要在有限资源和保真度约束下进行路由。我们将纠缠路由研究为保真度约束的不可分割多商品流问题，目标是最大化被接受的请求数量。作为概念验证，我们将中性原子量子优化集成到混合经典-量子列生成框架中。经典受限主问题选择路由，而定价问题生成保真度可行的路径。我们将这个NP难的约束最短路径定价问题表述为二次无约束二元优化（QUBO）问题，并通过硬件感知的寄存器嵌入和实例驱动的脉冲整形来解决。据我们所知，这是首次将中性原子量子优化作为保真度约束纠缠路由的定价预言机进行研究。在使用中性原子处理器模拟器评估的小型基准实例上，该方法结合热启动和后处理，在所有测试规模下实现了低于1%的最优性差距；而所选的模拟退火路由生成基线显示出高达6%的差距。这些结果表明，生成的比特串可以为列生成中的经典细化提供有用的候选路由。此概念验证并未确立量子实用性或可扩展性；需要在更大实例、更强的经典基线和量子硬件上进行进一步评估。
英文摘要
Efficient end-to-end entanglement distribution in quantum information networks requires routing under limited resources and fidelity constraints. We study entanglement routing as a fidelity-constrained unsplittable multicommodity flow problem that maximizes the number of admitted requests. As a proof of concept, we integrate neutral-atom quantum optimization into a hybrid classical--quantum column-generation framework. A classical restricted master problem selects routes, while a pricing problem generates fidelity-feasible paths. We formulate this NP-hard constrained shortest-path pricing problem as a quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) problem and address it with hardware-aware register embedding and instance-driven pulse shaping. To our knowledge, this is the first study of neutral-atom quantum optimization as a pricing oracle for fidelity-constrained entanglement routing. On small benchmark instances evaluated with neutral-atom processor emulators, the method, combined with warm-start and post-processing, achieves an optimality gap below 1% across all tested sizes; the selected simulated-annealing route-generation baseline exhibits gaps of up to 6%. These results indicate that the generated bitstrings can provide useful candidate routes for classical refinement within column generation. This proof of concept does not establish quantum utility or scalability; further evaluation on larger instances, against stronger classical baselines, and on quantum hardware is needed.
