Boids of a Feather Flock Together - 不同捕食者攻击策略下猎物行为的演化
Boids of a Feather Flock Together - Evolving Prey Behaviours Under Different Predator Attack Strategies
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本研究扩展boids模型，通过进化策略优化六种猎物行为系数，发现猎物最优反捕食行为依赖于逃避倾向与捕食者攻击策略的相互作用，攻击质心时猎物个体化逃避，其他策略下保持群聚。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
群聚和成群行为被认为部分演化自对捕食的防御，但猎物应如何平衡社交和逃避倾向可能取决于捕食者的狩猎策略。我们扩展了Ojo等人（2023）的捕食者-猎物boids模型（该模型本身基于Reynolds的boids），通过将六种猎物运动倾向（对齐、内聚、分离、闪避、排斥和摆动）组合成单一的加权加速度更新，并将摆动重新表述为正弦机动。然后，我们使用进化策略来优化六种行为系数，以针对四种捕食者狩猎策略实现集体猎物生存：攻击质心、攻击最近、攻击随机和攻击外围。在每种策略的五次独立试验中，系数在试验内收敛，平均适应度保持稳定或增加，尽管试验常常收敛于不同的局部最优。猎物生存率在攻击质心策略下最高，在攻击最近策略下最低，这与我们的假设一致。针对攻击质心策略，猎物演化出个体化的捕食者回避行为，具有较高的逃避系数，而针对其他三种策略，它们大多保持群体编队。在所有策略中，进化倾向于低排斥系数和相对较高的闪避和摆动系数。我们的结果表明，最佳反捕食行为取决于逃避倾向与捕食者狩猎策略之间的相互作用。
英文摘要
Flocking and schooling are thought to have evolved partly as defences against predation, but how prey should balance social and escape tendencies may depend on the predator's hunting strategy. We extend the predator-prey boids model of Ojo et al. (2023), itself based on Reynolds' boids, by combining six prey movement tendencies (alignment, cohesion, separation, dodge, repel and wiggle) into a single weighted acceleration update, and by reformulating wiggle as a sinusoidal manoeuvre. We then use an evolutionary strategy to optimise the six behaviour coefficients for collective prey survival against four predator hunting strategies: attack-centroid, attack-nearest, attack-random and attack-peripheral. Across five independent trials per strategy, coefficients converged within trials and mean fitness remained stable or increased, although trials often settled in different local optima. Prey survival was highest under attack-centroid and lowest under attack-nearest, in line with our hypotheses. Against attack-centroid, prey evolved individualistic predator avoidance with high escape coefficients, whereas against the other three strategies they largely kept their flock formation. Across all strategies, evolution favoured a low repel coefficient and relatively high dodge and wiggle coefficients. Our results suggest that optimal anti-predator behaviour depends on the interplay between escape tendencies and the predator's hunting strategy.
发表机构
- Radboud University（拉德堡德大学）
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