一致有界标准正交系的低维逼近
Low-dimensional approximation of uniformly bounded orthonormal systems
AI总结:
本文证明一致有界标准正交系的 Kolmogorov 宽度下界,并给出有限阿贝尔群 Fourier 矩阵的低秩逼近定理,应用于循环矩阵、三角函数逼近及加权 Wiener 类宽度估计。
AI中文摘要:
我们证明,若 $f_1,\ldots,f_N$ 是一致有界标准正交系,则对所有 $p\in[1,2)$,其 Kolmogorov 宽度满足估计:$d_n(\{f_1,\dots,f_N\},L_p) \gtrsim \min\{1,n^{-1/p}N^{1/2}\}$,其中 $n\le N/2$。在 $n\asymp N$ 的范围内,这提供了下界 $N^{-\alpha_p}$,其中指数 $\alpha_p:=1/p-1/2$ 是精确的。此外,由此可知,对此类标准正交系进行良好逼近需要维数 $n\gtrsim N^{p/2}$。我们的第二个结果是关于有限阿贝尔群的 Fourier 矩阵(包括通常的 DFT 矩阵)的逼近定理。对每个 $\eta>0$,存在 $a=a(\eta)>0$,使得任何阶数足够大的 Fourier 矩阵 $F$ 都有一个秩为 $N^{1-a}$ 的逼近,其逐行 $\ell_1$ 误差至多为 $N^{1/2+\eta}$;指数 $1/2$ 是精确的。推论包括:对循环矩阵的同类逼近;对三角函数 $\exp(2\pi i\langle \lambda,x\rangle)$(其中 $\lambda\in \Lambda=K\cap\mathbb{Z}^d$,$K$ 为对称凸集)的逼近,其维数为 $|\Lambda|^{1-a}$,误差为最优的 $|\Lambda|^{-\alpha_p+\eta}$;以及加权 Wiener 类的宽度界。
英文摘要:
We prove that if $f_1,\ldots,f_N$ is an uniformly bounded orthonormal system, then for all $p\in[1,2)$ there is an estimate for its Kolmogorov widths: $d_n(\{f_1,\dots,f_N\},L_p) \gtrsim \min\{1,n^{-1/p}N^{1/2}\}$, $n\le N/2$. In the regime $n\asymp N$ this provides the lower bound $N^{-α_p}$ with a sharp exponent $α_p:=1/p-1/2$. Besides that, it follows that a good approximation of such ONS requires the dimension $n\gtrsim N^{p/2}$. Our second result is an approximation theorem for Fourier matrices of finite abelian groups (this includes the usual DFT matrices). For every $η>0$ there is $a=a(η)>0$ such that any Fourier matrix $F$ of sufficiently large order has an approximation of rank $N^{1-a}$ with the row-wise $\ell_1$-error at most $N^{1/2+η}$; the exponent $1/2$ is sharp. Consequences include the approximation of the same kind for circulant matrices; the approximation of the trigonometric functions $\exp(2πi\langle λ,x\rangle)$, $λ\in Λ=K\cap\mathbb{Z}^d$, $K$ is symmetric convex, with dimension $|Λ|^{1-a}$ and an optimal error $|Λ|^{-α_p+η}$; bounds for widths of weighted Wiener classes.