发表机构
Univ Rennes, CNRS, IETR - UMR 6164(雷恩大学,法国国家科学研究中心,信息与电子工程研究所)
机构由 AI 辅助整理,请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文提出一种仅依赖负载状态的闭式 Möbius 重参数化方法,用于提升多端口网络模型可编程超表面的低阶 Neumann 近似精度,在保持高精度的同时显著降低计算成本与内存占用。
AI 中文摘要
基于多端口网络理论(MNT)的可编程超表面精确模型通过依赖于配置的矩阵求逆来考虑互耦(MC)。在基于梯度的优化(GBO)过程中,这种求逆的高计算成本可以通过有限阶 Neumann 近似来缓解。我们表明,该近似的精度强烈依赖于(隐含选择的)MNT 参数化。对于 1 位可编程超表面单元(例如,基于 PIN 二极管的超表面单元),我们确定了一种闭式 Möbius 重参数化,它仅依赖于超表面单元的两种负载状态,既不需要训练数据,也不需要数值优化。对于实验估计的、具有强互耦的 96 单元 19 GHz 动态超表面天线的代理 MNT 模型,采用我们的重参数化的二阶 Neumann 近似分别实现了 21.68 dB 和 21.70 dB 的前向精度和控制梯度精度。相对于完整的代理 MNT,它将前向和控制梯度联合评估的运行时间减少了三分之一,并将节省的张量内存减少了十倍。在一个典型的基于 DMA 的场景分类端到端优化的 GBO 问题中,它实现了 94.97% 的测试准确率,而完整模型为 95.57%。我们进一步指出,互耦强度度量和忽略互耦的基准应该是参数化不变的,这促使例如基于最佳直接拟合的零阶模型来定义这些度量。
英文摘要
Accurate models of programmable metasurfaces based on multiport-network theory (MNT) account for mutual coupling (MC) through a configuration-dependent matrix inversion. The latter's high computational cost during gradient-based optimization (GBO) can be alleviated via a finite-order Neumann approximation. We show that the accuracy of this approximation depends strongly on the (tacitly) chosen MNT parametrization. For 1-bit-programmable meta-elements (e.g., meta-elements based on PIN diodes), we identify a closed-form Möbius reparametrization that depends only on the meta-element's two load states and requires neither training data nor numerical optimization. For an experimentally estimated proxy MNT model of a fabricated 96-element 19-GHz dynamic metasurface antenna with strong MC, a second-order Neumann approximation with our reparametrization achieves forward and control-gradient accuracies of 21.68 and 21.70 dB, respectively. Relative to the full proxy MNT, it reduces the runtime of a combined forward and control-gradient evaluation by a third and the saved-tensor memory by a factor of ten. In a prototypical GBO problem of end-to-end optimization for DMA-based scene classification, it achieves 94.97% test accuracy vs. 95.57% with the full model. We further note that MC-strength metrics and MC-unaware benchmarks should be parametrization-invariant, motivating, for instance, definitions based on the best directly fitted zeroth-order model.
Comments6 pages with 3 figures