等离子体驱动的活性物质整流为宏观功
Rectification of plasma-powered active matter into macroscopic work
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本研究通过棘轮整流将等离子体中的微马达活性转化为宏观旋转功，实现了功率与效率的数量级提升，为利用非平衡等离子体能量开辟了新途径。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
等离子体维持着强大的能量和动量通量，然而这种活性通常被视为耗散损失通道而非可用资源，将其转化为宏观功仍然具有挑战性。在此，我们通过将自驱动微马达与棘轮整流耦合，展示了一种等离子体驱动的活性引擎。等离子体鞘层中的介电微球自发形成不对称表面充电，并经历昆克旋转不稳定性，形成直接从等离子体中提取能量的快速微马达。它们的随机冲击被锯齿转子整流为定向角动量通量，驱动稳定旋转，而外部不对称齿轮将活性浴组织为相干循环，以放大扭矩传递。在惯性相关状态下运行，该引擎在功率输出和端到端效率方面相比液相活性引擎实现了数量级的提升，并在单微马达极限下仍保持功能。更广泛地说，我们的结果建立了整流非平衡等离子体活性以产生宏观功的通用途径。
英文摘要
Plasmas sustain strong energy and momentum flux, yet this activity is typically treated as a dissipative loss channel rather than a usable resource, and its conversion into macroscopic work remains challenging. Here we demonstrate a plasma-powered active engine by coupling self-propelled micromotors to ratchet rectification. Dielectric microspheres in the plasma sheath spontaneously develop asymmetric surface charging and undergo a Quincke rotational instability, forming fast micromotors that extract energy directly from the plasma. Their stochastic impacts are rectified by a sawtooth rotor into a directed angular-momentum flux that drives steady rotation, while an outer asymmetric gear organizes the active bath into coherent circulation to amplify torque transfer. Operating in an inertia-relevant regime, the engine achieves orders-of-magnitude enhancements in both power output and end-to-end efficiency compared with liquid-phase active engines, and remains functional down to the single-micromotor limit. More broadly, our results establish a general route to rectify nonequilibrium plasma activity for macroscopic work.
发表机构
- College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University（河北大学物理科学与技术学院）
- School of Physics, South China Normal University（华南师范大学物理学院）
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