发表机构
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)（中国科学院大学; 中国科学院大学杭州高等研究院; 中国科学院理论物理研究所）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
针对引力波数据间隙处PSD跳变导致推断偏差的问题，提出WDM+PW+AGE两阶段方法，通过预白化和自适应间隙扩展恢复似然有效性，获得更紧致准确的后验，且计算高效。
AI 中文摘要
长时程引力波（GW）推断不可避免地会遇到数据间隙，这些间隙通常伴随着探测器噪声功率谱密度（PSD）的突变性、非平稳变化。传统做法通常分别分析间隙前和间隙后的数据，导致可避免的信息损失，并可能降低参数推断质量。我们基于Wilson--Daubechies--Meyer（WDM）时频域中的贝叶斯间隙增广方法，并聚焦于一个实际重要的失效模式：具有大PSD幅度跳变的短间隙。在此情形下，支撑WDM似然的局部对角（类似Whittle）近似在间隙边缘附近的时间方向上不再可靠，除非在不诉诸完全分段的情况下恢复局部对角有效性，否则可能导致有偏和/或稳健性较差的推断。我们提出一种两阶段、有效性驱动的补救措施。首先，频域先验预测预白化（PW）利用端点信息相关的噪声信息，以缓解导致对角行为不佳的主要失配，从而在保持计算可行性的同时获得更有利的WDM表示。其次，当时间方向平滑性准则仍不满足时，我们应用自适应间隙扩展（AGE），仅选择性扩大间隙边界周围所需的最小邻域，以恢复局部对角有效性。使用具有嵌合PSD转变的玩具模型模拟表明，WDM+PW+AGE比单侧间隙前/间隙后分析产生更紧致且更准确的后验分布，同时保持适用于下一代任务的计算效率。
英文摘要
Long-duration gravitational-wave (GW) inference inevitably encounters data gaps, which are often accompanied by abrupt, non-stationary changes in the detector noise power spectral density (PSD). Conventional practice typically analyzes the pre-gap and post-gap data separately, causing avoidable information loss and potentially degrading parameter inference. We build on Bayesian gap augmentation in the Wilson--Daubechies--Meyer (WDM) time--frequency domain and focus on a practically important failure mode: short gaps with large PSD amplitude jumps. In this regime, the local diagonal (Whittle-like) approximation that underpins the WDM likelihood can no longer be relied upon in the time direction near the gap edges, which may lead to biased and/or less robust inference unless the local diagonal validity is restored without resorting to full segmentation. We propose a two-stage, validity-driven remedy. First, frequency-domain prior-predictive prewhitening (PW) incorporates endpoint-informed noise information to mitigate the dominant mismatch responsible for poor diagonal behavior, enabling a more favorable WDM representation while retaining computational tractability. Second, when a time-direction smoothness criterion still fails, we apply adaptive gap expanding (AGE), selectively enlarging only the minimal neighborhood around the gap boundaries needed to restore local diagonal validity. Toy-model simulations with chimeric PSD transitions show that WDM+PW+AGE yields substantially tighter and more accurate posteriors than single-sided pre-gap/post-gap analyses, while maintaining computational efficiency suitable for next-generation missions.
