发表机构
University of Oxford; Monash University; St. Hugh’s College, University of Oxford; Eötvös University（牛津大学; 莫纳什大学; 牛津大学圣休学院; 厄特沃什大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究揭示EMRI会通过引力弹弓不可逆地耗竭暗物质尖峰，大幅削弱引力波失相信号，仅高红移低速率系统可保留可探测失相。
AI 中文摘要
围绕大质量黑洞（MBH）的致密暗物质尖峰被广泛预测会在极端质量比旋进（EMRI）中产生引力波失相，这些信号可能被LISA观测到。我们表明，正是用于探测这些尖峰的EMRI本身也会摧毁它们。结合核星团的福克-普朗克模型与EMRI-暗物质相遇的后牛顿三体模拟，我们证明重复的引力弹弓效应在十亿年时间尺度上不可逆地将暗物质粒子从星团的损失锥中弹出。对于红移$z = 3$、质量$\lesssim 10^5 \\,M_\odot$的大质量黑洞，即使保守的EMRI速率$\mathcal{O}(1-10) \\, \mathrm{Gyr}^{-1}$也足以将尖峰密度降低数个数量级；对于更现实的速率$\mathcal{O}(100-300) \\, \mathrm{Gyr}^{-1}$，质量范围扩展到$\lesssim 10^6 \\,M_\odot$。因此，此类系统预期的引力波失相大幅减小，缩小了通过这一渠道探测暗物质的前景。只有质量较大、红移较高且EMRI速率足够低的系统——例如，红移$z \gtrsim 5$、质量$\sim 10^6 \\,M_\odot$的大质量黑洞，每Gyr少于100次EMRI——才能产生超过1弧度的失相。
英文摘要
Dense dark matter spikes around massive black holes (MBHs) have been widely predicted to produce gravitational-wave dephasing in extreme-mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs) that are potentially observable by LISA. We show that EMRIs, the very objects used to probe these spikes, also destroy them. Combining Fokker-Planck models of nuclear star clusters with post-Newtonian three-body simulations of EMRI-dark matter encounters, we demonstrate that repeated gravitational slingshots irreversibly eject dark matter particles from the cluster's loss cone over gigayear time-scales. For MBHs at $z = 3$ with masses $\lesssim 10^5 \,M_\odot$, even conservative EMRI rates of $\mathcal{O}(1-10) \, \mathrm{Gyr}^{-1}$ suffice to deplete the spike density by orders of magnitude; for more realistic rates of $\mathcal{O}(100-300) \, \mathrm{Gyr}^{-1}$, the mass range extends to $\lesssim 10^6 \,M_\odot$. As a result, the gravitational-wave dephasing expected from such systems is greatly reduced, narrowing the prospects of detecting DM through this channel. Only heavy, high-redshift systems with sufficiently low EMRI rates -- for example, a $\sim 10^6 \,M_\odot$ MBH at $z \gtrsim 5$ with $\lesssim 100$ EMRIs per Gyr -- can induce dephasing that exceeds one radian.
CommentsUnder review
