发表机构
School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University（亚利桑那州立大学物质、运输与能源工程学院）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究通过将热电发电机与基于VO2的自适应可调辐射涂层集成，实现了无需外部控制的昼夜固态发电，白天吸收太阳能，夜间辐射冷却，显著提升发电效率。
AI 中文摘要
实验演示了昼夜固态发电，采用热电发电机与可调辐射涂层集成，该涂层在白天作为选择性太阳吸收器，夜间作为辐射冷却器，无需任何外部控制即可随温度切换。自适应可调辐射涂层经过精心设计，在重掺杂硅衬底上沉积热致变色VO2薄膜，并在其间加入相移硅间隔层，其物理机制已得到阐明。所制备的涂层在白天表现出0.90的高太阳吸收率和0.23的低红外发射率，夜间发射率高达0.85，在金属-绝缘体相变时，在大气透明窗口内实现了0.62的巨大发射率变化。在高真空装置中的户外测试中，35毫米见方的可调辐射涂层在正午时分，由15毫米见方的商用热电模块堆栈实现了1.64 W/m2的功率输出，比黑色吸收体高出32%。夜间，它产生26 mW/m2的功率，比黑色发射体高出63%。即使在存在对流损失的环境中，2英寸圆形的可调涂层在正午时分产生0.48 W/m2的功率，比相同尺寸的黑色吸收体高出14%。覆盖可调辐射涂层的热电模块在24小时连续户外测试中，在真空环境下产生433 mV至-62 mV的开路电压，在环境条件下产生300 mV至-51 mV的开路电压。
英文摘要
Day-night solid-state power generation is experimentally demonstrated with thermoelectric generators integrated with a tunable radiative coating, which switches between a selective solar absorber during daytime and a radiative cooler during nighttime by temperature without any external control. The self-adaptive radiative coating is carefully designed with thermochromic VO2 thin film on heavily doped silicon substrate along with a phase-shifting silicon spacer in between, whose physical mechanism is elucidated. The fabricated coating exhibits a high solar absorptivity of 0.90 and a low infrared emissivity of 0.23 during daytime, and a high emissivity of 0.85 at night, resulting in large emissivity change of 0.62 within the atmospheric transparency window upon metal-to-insulator phase transition. From outdoor tests in a high vacuum apparatus, the tunable radiative coating in 35-mm squared size achieves 1.64 W/m2 power generation around noon time from a stack of commercial thermoelectric modules of 15 mm squared, which is 32% more from that with a black absorber. At night, it produces 26 mW/m2 power, outperforming the black emitter by 63%. Even exposed the ambient with convective loss, the 2-inch-round tunable coating generates power of 0.48 W/m2 at noon time, 14% more than the black absorber of the same size. The tunable radiative coating covered thermoelectric modules produces open circuit voltages from 433 mV to -62 mV in vacuum and from 300 mV to -51 mV in ambient through 24-hr continuous outdoor tests.
