发表机构
John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University; Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua; Department of Physics, Harvard University; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University（哈佛大学约翰·A·保尔森工程与应用科学学院; 普林斯顿大学电气与计算机工程系; 帕多瓦大学化学科学系; 哈佛大学物理系; 哈佛大学化学与化学生物学系）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文提出一种解耦几何与材料的制造框架，结合软光刻等技术制备复杂三维胶体粒子，实现可逆形状变化与集体光学行为，为动态可编程材料提供平台。
AI 中文摘要
形状可编程粒子在个体层面为微型机器人系统，以及在集体粒子行为产生的新兴功能的分层材料方面提供了重要机遇。然而，在胶体尺度上制造具有复杂三维几何形状的、可响应刺激的形状变化粒子仍然是一个重大挑战。在此，我们引入了一个通用制造框架，该框架将粒子几何形状与材料组成解耦，以生产具有复杂架构的独立式三维胶体粒子。我们的方法结合了软光刻、溶胀辅助提取和牺牲性粘合转移，以制造具有高几何保真度的粒子。我们建立了一个预测性框架，定义了日益复杂的粒子几何形状的可访问设计空间。我们进一步扩展了我们的框架，以制造在胶体尺度上具有复杂三维架构的高纵横比柱阵列。为了展示材料的多样性，我们使用液晶弹性体和凝胶制造了粒子。我们展示了在热和光刺激下，具有圆柱形和手性形状的液晶弹性体粒子的可逆形状变化行为。在悬浮液中，这些粒子表现出集体光学动态行为，该行为源于粒子内编程液晶组织的变化与刺激诱导的粒子几何重构之间的耦合。总的来说，这项工作为具有新兴集体功能的几何可编程胶体粒子建立了一个多功能平台，为具有动态可编程性质的材料和流体提供了一条途径。
英文摘要
Shape-programmable particles offer significant opportunities for microrobotic systems at the individual level and for hierarchical materials with emergent functionalities arising from collective particle behavior. However, fabricating shape-changing stimuli-responsive particles with complex three-dimensional geometries at colloidal length scales remains a major challenge. Here, we introduce a general fabrication framework that decouples particle geometry from material composition to produce free-standing three-dimensional colloidal particles with complex architectures. Our approach combines soft lithography, swelling-assisted extraction, and sacrificial adhesive transfer to fabricate particles with high geometric fidelity. We establish a predictive framework that defines the accessible design space for increasingly complex particle geometries. We further extend our framework to fabricate high-aspect-ratio pillar arrays with intricate three-dimensional architectures at colloidal length scales. To demonstrate material versatility, we fabricate particles from both liquid crystal elastomers and hydrogels. We show reversible shape-changing behavior of liquid crystal elastomer particles with cylindrical and chiral shapes under thermal and optical stimuli. In suspension, these particles display collective optical dynamic behavior arising from coupling between changes in the programmed liquid crystal organization within the particles and stimulus-induced geometric reconfiguration of the particles. Collectively, this work establishes a versatile platform for geometry-programmable colloidal particles with emergent collective functionalities, providing a route toward materials and fluids with dynamically programmable properties.
