发表机构
University of California, Riverside; Blue Marble Space Institute of Science; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; American University; Sorbonne Université; Ecole Normale Supérieure; PSL Research University; Ecole Polytechnique; Univ. Bordeaux（加州大学河滨分校; 蓝色大理石空间科学研究所; 美国宇航局戈达德太空飞行中心; 美利坚大学; 索邦大学; 巴黎高等师范学院; 巴黎文理研究大学; 巴黎综合理工学院; 波尔多大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究利用3D通用行星气候模型系统研究了外宜居带高二氧化碳行星，发现高CO2影响光谱特征，并确定了区分宜居与不宜居世界的观测差异，强调3D模型对理解此类行星宜居性的必要性。
AI 中文摘要
宜居带（HZ）是一个基本概念，用于指导我们寻找具有稳定表面液态水、能够维持可远程探测生物特征信号的温带系外行星。迄今为止，大多数先进的3D气候研究和HZ行星的预期光谱模拟都集中在内HZ行星上，这些行星接收到的恒星辐射与地球相似，因此会维持相对较低（例如，百万分之几百）的大气二氧化碳浓度。在此，我们利用3D通用行星气候模型（PCM），对外HZ（OHZ）行星进行了系统研究，这些行星需要高二氧化碳浓度才能维持宜居性。我们将3D气候结果与之前的1D预测进行了比较，结果显示模型之间具有很强的一致性。模拟行星的光谱表明，高覆盖二氧化碳水平会影响宜居性的远程特征。我们还确定了显著的光谱差异，这些差异将能够通过未来对太阳类似恒星的直接成像观测以及对M矮星的透射和发射光谱，区分宜居与不宜居的高二氧化碳世界。我们的结果表明，包含二氧化碳凝结的3D模型对于理解OHZ中类地行星的潜在宜居性以及云的光谱影响是必要的。
英文摘要
The habitable zone (HZ) is a fundamental concept used to guide our search for temperate exoplanets with stable surface liquid water that would sustain remotely detectable biosignatures. So far, most advanced 3D climate studies and prospective spectral simulations of HZ planets have focused on inner HZ planets that receive stellar radiation similar to Earth and would consequently maintain relatively low (e.g., hundreds of parts per million) atmospheric CO2. Here, we present a systematic investigation of outer HZ (OHZ) planets, which require high CO2 for habitability, using the 3D Generic Planetary Climate Model (PCM). Our 3D climate results are compared with previous 1D predictions that show strong agreement between models. Simulated spectra of the modeled planets indicate that high overlying CO2 levels affect remote signatures of habitability. We also determine substantial spectral differences that would distinguish habitable versus nonhabitable high-CO2 worlds with future direct-imaging observations for solar analogs and with transmission and emission spectroscopy for M dwarfs. Our results demonstrate that 3D models that include CO2 condensation are necessary to understand the potential planetary habitability and spectral impacts of clouds on terrestrial worlds in the OHZ.
Journal refDaria Pidhorodetska et al 2026 ApJ 1009 179
