发表机构
The University of Tokyo; Ritsumeikan University; BKC Research Organization of Social Sciences; Institute for Quantum Computing; University of Waterloo; Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics; Trans-scale Quantum Science Institute（东京大学; 立命馆大学; BKC社会科学研究机构; 量子计算研究所; 滑铁卢大学; 理论物理珀米特研究所; 跨尺度量子科学研究所）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文提出一个操作性的动力学资源理论框架，将量子通道的时间反演对称性破缺（T-破缺）量化为资源，分解为动力学与非幺正性两部分，并证明存在通用黄金单位。
AI 中文摘要
时间反演对称性及其破缺（T-破缺）在从粒子物理到涨落定理和互易性的众多物理领域中都是基础性的。虽然孤立系统的时间反演对称性仅由哈密顿量决定，但量化T-破缺的大小，尤其是在噪声量子过程中，一直是持续争论的主题。在此，我们提出了一个具有操作意义的框架来量化量子通道的内在T-破缺。我们将操作定义的时间反演变换整合到动力学资源理论中，将T-破缺表述为一种资源。T-破缺分解为两个不同的组成部分：源于反幺正运动反转的动力学T-破缺，以及纯粹由热力学驱动的非幺正性。这种分解解决了时间反演对称性破缺与不可逆性之间长期存在的混淆。最后，我们分析了由此产生的动力学T-破缺资源理论，表明它既非质量类也非数量类，并证明了即使在经典通道中也存在一个通用的黄金单位。
英文摘要
Time-reversal symmetry and its violation (T-violation) are fundamental across diverse physics domains, from particle physics to fluctuation theorems and reciprocity. While time-reversal symmetry for isolated systems is simply determined by the Hamiltonian, quantifying the magnitude of T-violation, especially in noisy quantum processes, has been a subject of ongoing debate. Here, we propose an operationally meaningful framework to quantify the intrinsic T-violation of quantum channels. We integrate operationally defined time-reversal transformations into dynamical resource theory to formulate T-violation as a resource. T-violation decomposes into two distinct components: kinematic T-violation originating from antiunitary motion-reversal, and nonunitality driven purely by thermodynamics. This decomposition resolves the longstanding confusion between broken time-reversal symmetry and non-invertibility. Finally, we analyze the resulting resource theory of kinematic T-violation, showing that it is neither quality-like nor quantity-like, and proving the existence of a universal golden unit even within classical channels.
Comments24 pages, 5 figures, 1 table. Comments are welcome
