10月7日袭击后德国社交媒体中反犹太主义的激增
The Surge of Anti-Semitism in German Social Media following the October 7 Attacks
- Leibniz-Institute for Media Research | Hans-Bredow-Institut（莱布尼茨媒体研究所 | 汉斯-布雷达夫研究所）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
AI总结：
本研究利用大型语言模型检测德国社交媒体上的反犹太主义内容，发现10月7日袭击后反犹太主义在Facebook和Telegram上显著激增，且Telegram上的普遍程度约为Facebook的十倍，同时两平台话语模式出现趋同。
AI中文摘要：
我们研究了2023年10月7日哈马斯对以色列的袭击在多大程度上影响了德国社交媒体上关于犹太教和以色列的辩论。为此，我们开发了一种通过大型语言模型（LLMs）检测用户帖子中26类反犹太主义类别的方法。该方法应用于事件前后三个月内的Facebook和Telegram帖子（N=125,718）。在方法上，我们在两种设置下测试了不同的开放权重模型——一种将用户信息作为帖子的额外上下文，另一种则不包含用户信息。最佳设置在手动编码的验证集上，对于二元反犹太主义检测达到了高达83%的F1分数。用户上下文为大多数LLM提供了有价值的信息，并大幅减少了误报，例如在（批判性地）报道反犹太主义事件时。关于我们的主题，我们发现反犹太主义在两个平台上均显著激增，而在Telegram上的普遍程度约为Facebook的十倍。Facebook用户最可能在关于以色列军队在加沙实施所谓种族灭绝的帖子中表达反犹太主义观点，而经典的与权力和阴谋论相关的反犹太主义刻板印象在Telegram上占主导地位。袭击发生后，两个平台上的话语模式显示出趋同迹象，因为Facebook上的经典反犹太主义增加，而Telegram上与以色列相关的类别激增。
英文摘要：
We investigate the extent to which the Hamas attacks on Israel of October 7, 2023, have affected German social media debates about Judaism and Israel. For this, we develop an approach to detect 26 anti-Semitic categories in user postings via large language models (LLMs). The approach is applied to Facebook and Telegram posts (N=125,718) from three months before and after the event. Methodically, we test different open-weight models in two setups---with and without user information as additional context to the post text. The best setup achieves up to 83 % F1-score for binary anti-Semitism detection on our manually coded validation set. User context provides valuable information for most LLMs and drastically reduces false positives, for example, when (critically) reporting on anti-Semitic incidents. Concerning our topic, we find that anti-Semitism is surging significantly on both platforms, while being about ten times more prevalent on Telegram compared to Facebook. Facebook users express anti-Semitic views most likely in posts about an alleged genocide in Gaza carried out by the Israeli army, whereas classic anti-Semitic stereotypes related to power and conspiracy theories are dominant on Telegram. After the attack, the discourse patterns on both platforms show signs of convergence, as classic anti-Semitism increases on Facebook, whereas Israel-related categories surge on Telegram.
