PHAROS：类太阳恒星跨演化阶段的全色光谱能量分布

中文摘要 AI 辅助

全色恒星光谱能量分布（SEDs）提供了研究系外行星大气、光化学、大气逃逸和宜居性所需的光照场随波长的变化信息。我们发布了PHAROS（潘全色宜居世界观测类太阳恒星辐射档案），这是针对邻近FGK恒星的首个包含十五个可追溯组件的SED数据集，其采用的年龄范围为0.26至6.5吉年。该目录覆盖0.5至5000纳米的波长范围，结合了归档的XMM-Newton和Chandra高能约束、半经验极紫外（EUV）重建、HST和IUE紫外光谱、Gaia DR3 XP及辅助光学分光光度测量，以及PHOENIX光球层扩展。当X射线数据支持光谱建模时，针对特定目标的日冕等离子体模型定义了高能部分并锚定EUV归一化；否则，经验高能模板按文献光度约束进行缩放。每个SED保留了分段级别的来源信息，区分了直接观测区间与重建组件、经验模板、桥接段和模型推导扩展。最大的多样性出现在X射线、EUV和紫外波长。较年轻的年龄上下文组通常相对于其光球连续谱表现出更强的高能输出，尽管各组内的离散度表明仅凭年龄并不能唯一确定光照环境。PHAROS为行星大气、光化学、大气逃逸、正演建模、反演以及未来直接成像观测（包括NASA宜居世界观测站预期开展的观测）的解释提供了可追溯的全色光照场。

英文摘要

Panchromatic stellar spectral energy distributions (SEDs) provide the wavelength-dependent irradiation fields required for studies of exoplanet atmospheres, photochemistry, atmospheric escape, and habitability. We present PHAROS, the Panchromatic Habitable-world Archive of Radiation from Observed Solar-like stars, a first release of fifteen component-traceable SEDs for nearby FGK stars spanning adopted ages of 0.26--6.5\,Gyr. The catalogue covers 0.5--5000\,nm and combines archival \textit{XMM-Newton} and \textit{Chandra} high-energy constraints, semiempirical extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) reconstructions, \textit{HST} and \textit{IUE} ultraviolet spectra, Gaia DR3 XP and ancillary optical spectrophotometry, and PHOENIX photospheric extensions. When X-ray data support spectral modelling, target-specific coronal plasma models define the high-energy segment and anchor the EUV normalisation; otherwise, empirical high-energy templates are scaled to literature luminosity constraints. Each SED preserves segment-level provenance, distinguishing directly observed intervals from reconstructed components, empirical templates, bridges, and model-derived extensions. The largest diversity occurs at X-ray, EUV, and ultraviolet wavelengths. Younger age-context groups generally show stronger high-energy output relative to their photospheric continua, although the dispersion within each group shows that age alone does not uniquely determine the irradiation environment. PHAROS provides traceable panchromatic irradiation fields for studies of planetary atmospheres, photochemistry, atmospheric escape, forward modelling, retrievals, and interpretation of future direct-imaging observations, including those anticipated for NASA's Habitable Worlds Observatory.

发表机构

• Mackenzie Presbyterian University（麦肯齐大学）
• California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院）

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