宽带LEO巨型星座间的频谱共享：干扰规则与共存机制
Spectrum Sharing Among Broadband LEO Mega-Constellations: Interference Regulations and Coexistence Mechanisms
- University of California, Los Angeles（加州大学洛杉矶分校）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
AI总结：
本文综述宽带LEO巨型星座在共享频谱下的干扰规则与共存机制，分析非合作与合作的协调方案，并指出多网络扩展、馈电链路争用、光星间链路及国际政策等关键挑战。
AI中文摘要：
目前已有数千颗宽带LEO卫星在轨运行，且还有数千颗即将发射，它们均在Ku、Ka和Q/V频段的非专属频谱分配下运行。为治理这一共享频谱，监管机构近期制定了保护约束，以限制瞬时干扰水平和时间平均吞吐量降级。本文回顾了FCC和ITU的现行监管框架，并剖析了这一干扰环境。我们考察了实用的非合作共存机制，重点说明动态卫星选择和被动地面感知如何规避仅靠波束成形的物理限制。随后，我们评估了涵盖集中式注册表与双边接口的潜在合作协调架构。最后，我们分析了关键开放挑战：扩展到两个以上网络、缓解来自直连手机系统的馈电链路争用、通过光星间链路重新路由流量，以及推进国际共享政策的现代化。
英文摘要：
Thousands of broadband LEO satellites are now in orbit with thousands more on the way, all operating under non-exclusive spectrum allocations across the Ku-, Ka-, and Q/V-bands. To govern this shared spectrum, regulators recently enacted protection constraints that cap instantaneous interference levels and time-averaged throughput degradation. In this article, we review the governing FCC and ITU regulatory frameworks and dissect this interference environment. We examine practical non-cooperative coexistence mechanisms, highlighting how dynamic satellite selection and passive ground sensing circumvent the physical limits of beamforming alone. We then evaluate potential cooperative coordination architectures spanning centralized registries and bilateral interfaces. Finally, we analyze key open challenges: scaling beyond two networks, mitigating feeder link contention from direct-to-cell systems, rerouting traffic over optical inter-satellite links, and modernizing international sharing policies.
