GenoTrace：基因组基础模型蒸馏的可继承水印
GenoTrace: Inheritable Watermarks for Genome Foundation Model Distillation
- University of California, Los Angeles（加州大学洛杉矶分校）
- University of California, Berkeley（加州大学伯克利分校）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
AI总结：
GenoTrace提出密码子感知水印，通过蒸馏使基因组模型保留可检测的合成序列痕迹，实验验证了高检测率与鲁棒性。
AI中文摘要：
基因组模型能否保留用于训练它的合成序列的可检测记录？我们通过蒸馏研究水印继承，使用GenoTrace——一种密码子感知的绿名单水印扩展。两个token级因素通过密码子位置和物种特异性密码子使用调节教师的生成偏差。所得序列训练一个较小的学生模型，其输出在无需主动水印处理器的情况下进行审计。在三种子GenomeOcean-500M-to-100M实验中，联合配置在固定阈值下达到平均审计分数17.88和94.5%的检测率。在密钥感知的token替换后，它保留49.0%的检测率，而可用的单种子普通水印比较器为0%，在组合机制靶向核苷酸编辑后保留47.0%。额外实验在五个物种条件数据集和高达40的师生规模比上建立了继承信号。组件消融和计算序列质量测定揭示了检测强度和编码覆盖的不同操作点。GenoTrace提供了一种实用的token级构造，并实证描述了基因组结构如何塑造继承的水印信号。这些发现涉及共享分词器蒸馏和测试的编辑程序，校准和生物效用被视为独立的评估要求。
英文摘要：
Can a genome model retain a detectable record of the synthetic sequences used to train it? We study watermark inheritance through distillation with GenoTrace, a codon-aware extension of green-list watermarking. Two token-level factors modulate the teacher's generation bias using codon position and organism-specific codon usage. The resulting sequences train a smaller student, whose outputs are audited without an active watermark processor. In a three-seed GenomeOcean-500M-to-100M experiment, the joint configuration achieves a mean audit score of 17.88 and 94.5% detection at a fixed threshold. It retains 49.0% detection after key-aware token substitution, compared with 0% for the available single-seed plain-watermark comparator, and 47.0% after combined mechanism-targeted nucleotide edits. Additional experiments establish inherited signal across five organism-conditioned datasets and teacher-student size ratios up to 40. Component ablations and computational sequence-quality assays reveal distinct operating points for detection strength and coding coverage. GenoTrace provides a practical token-level construction and an empirical account of how genomic structure shapes inherited watermark signals. The findings concern shared-tokenizer distillation and the tested editing procedures, with calibration and biological utility treated as separate evaluation requirements.
