预印本演变：arXiv 上未审稿草稿的兴起及其对天文学的影响
The Preprint Evolution: The Rise of Unreviewed Drafts on arXiv and its Implications for Astronomy
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中文总结 AI 辅助
针对 arXiv 未审稿草稿泛滥导致的认知负担和虚假优先权问题，本文分析十年 astro-ph 元数据，提出将投稿分为同行评审与讨论草稿两级流以保护科研时间与独立性。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
arXiv 预印本服务器最初通过将早期手稿的流通数字化并消除期刊订阅的经济障碍，使天文学研究得以民主化。然而，这一为 20 世纪 90 年代较低发表量设计的系统，在现代研究产出面前已不堪重负。如今，大量未经评审的手稿——通常标记为“已提交”“审稿中”或“欢迎评论”——给学术界带来了沉重的认知“税”。研究人员被迫追踪同一工作的多个未经审查的版本，造成了巨大的重复性工作负担。这种做法还通过确立过早的优先权绕过了盲审同行评审过程，并对早期职业研究人员造成了沉重打击。快速发布未经审查结果的压力扼杀了独立研究，将年轻科学家推向大规模主流合作，而个人创造力在此过程中迷失。在这篇短通讯中，我分析了十年的 astro-ph 元数据以量化这一趋势。为保护研究人员的时间和科研自由，我提议将投稿分为两个独立流。一级（同行评审科学）将容纳经同行评审的科学成果（附有期刊接受通知或最终 DOI），而二级（评审前草稿）将保留用于讨论性草稿。这一区分将消除通过草稿建立虚假优先权的不公平优势，并通过允许研究人员选择不追踪未经审查的版本来大幅减少每日阅读负担。
英文摘要
The arXiv preprint server originally democratized astronomical research by digitizing the circulation of early manuscripts and removing the financial barriers of journal subscriptions. However, a system designed for the lower publication volumes of the 1990s has fractured under modern research output. Today, the sheer volume of unreviewed manuscripts---often tagged as ``submitted,'', ``under review'', or ``comments welcome''---imposes a severe cognitive ``tax'' on the community. Researchers are forced to track multiple, unvetted versions of the same work, creating a massive redundant workload. This practice also bypasses the blinded peer-review process by establishing premature precedence, and it takes a heavy toll on early-career researchers. The pressure to rapidly post unvetted results stifles independent research, pushing young scientists toward massive mainstream collaborations where individual creativity gets lost. In this Short Communication, I analyze a decade of astro-ph metadata to quantify this trend. To safeguard both researchers' time and research freedom, I propose bifurcating submissions into two separate streams. Level-1 (peer-reviewed science) would host peer-reviewed science (accompanied by a journal acceptance or final DOI), while Level-2 (pre-review drafts) would be reserved for discussion drafts. This distinction would remove the unfair advantage of establishing false precedence through drafts and drastically cut the daily reading burden by allowing researchers to opt out of tracking unvetted versions.
发表机构
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica（意大利国家天体物理研究所）
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