发表机构
University of Catania; INFN Sezione di Catania; Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, INFN-LNS（卡塔尼亚大学; 意大利国家核物理研究所卡塔尼亚分部; 南方国家实验室）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文综述了重夸克重组模型在介子和重子产生中的应用，预测多粲重子产额并扩展至 beauty 扇区，发现更重夸克的重组效应更强，为研究QGP性质提供探针。
AI 中文摘要
在核-核和质子-质子碰撞中对重味重子的测量提供了强有力的证据，表明重夸克强子化不能仅用真空碎裂来描述。特别是，在RHIC和LHC能量下观测到的$\Lambda_c/D^0$、$\Xi_c/D^0$和$\Omega_c/D^0$比率的显著增强，已通过凝聚加碎裂方法成功描述，支持了重组机制在大小碰撞系统中的相关性。基于这些结果，我们讨论了凝聚强子化框架的最新进展。特别强调了多粲重子的产生，即$\Xi_{cc}$和$\Omega_{ccc}$，其产额在从PbPb到KrKr、ArAr和OO碰撞的广泛碰撞系统中被预测。这些态（尤其是$\Omega_{ccc}$）对底层粲夸克分布的强烈敏感性，使其成为研究QGP中粲热化和非平衡效应的宝贵探针。我们还介绍了模型向 beauty 扇区的最新扩展，包括对$\Lambda_b/B^0$、$\Xi_b/B^0$和$\Omega_b/B^0$产生的预测。结果表明存在显著的重组效应，且重子增强比粲扇区更强，突显了凝聚对更重夸克日益重要的作用。最后，我们简要评论了通过将相同框架应用于小碰撞系统中的夸克偶素产生，以实现开放和隐藏重味统一描述的持续进展。
英文摘要
Measurements of heavy-flavor baryons in nucleus--nucleus and proton--proton collisions have provided strong evidence that heavy-quark hadronization cannot be described solely in terms of vacuum fragmentation. In particular, the large enhancement of the $Λ_c/D^0$, $Ξ_c/D^0$ and $Ω_c/D^0$ ratios observed at RHIC and LHC energies has been successfully described within a coalescence plus fragmentation approach, supporting the relevance of recombination mechanisms in both large and small collision systems. Building on these results, we discuss recent developments in the coalescence hadronization framework. Particular emphasis is given to the production of multi-charmed baryons, namely $Ξ_{cc}$, and $Ω_{ccc}$, whose yields are predicted in a wide range of collision systems from PbPb to KrKr, ArAr and OO collisions. The strong sensitivity of these states, especially $Ω_{ccc}$, to the underlying charm-quark distribution makes them valuable probes of charm thermalization and non-equilibrium effects in the QGP. We also present recent extensions of the model to the beauty sector, including predictions for $Λ_b/B^0$, $Ξ_b/B^0$ and $Ω_b/B^0$ production. The results indicate sizeable recombination effects and a stronger baryon enhancement than in the charm sector, highlighting the increasing role of coalescence for heavier quarks. Finally, we briefly comment on ongoing developments toward a unified description of open and hidden heavy flavor through the application of the same framework to quarkonium production in small collision systems.
Comments3 pages, 2 figures, conference proceedings (SQM2026)
