只需初始化：面向大规模路由优化的免训练初始化组件
Just Initialize: A Training-Free Initialization Component for Large-Scale Routing Optimization
- Beihang University（北京航空航天大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
AI总结：
针对大规模路由优化计算成本高的问题，提出免训练且与求解器无关的初始化组件Just Initialize，通过压缩代理空间优化全局结构，在TSP、CVRP等任务上达到先进水平并大幅提速。
AI中文摘要：
大规模路由问题因其搜索空间随问题规模迅速增长而难以高效求解。现有方法主要改进优化过程本身，但往往以增加计算成本为代价。我们转而将重点放在一种有用的初始化上，该初始化可在有限的下游细化下被精炼为高质量解决方案。我们提出Just Initialize，一种面向大规模路由优化的免训练且与求解器无关的初始化组件。Just Initialize将大规模路由实例压缩为紧凑的代理空间，优化其全局路由结构，并将所得解决方案恢复为原始空间中利于优化的起始点。在旅行商问题（TSPs）、带容量约束的车辆路由问题（CVRPs）、带时间窗的车辆路由问题（VRPTWs）以及带奖励收集的旅行商问题（PCTSPs）上的大量实验表明，Just Initialize在从1K到100K节点的实例上，能够实现与最先进方法相当或更优的高质量解决方案，同时大幅降低计算成本，包括平均约70倍的加速、10K节点实例上亚秒级运行时间以及100K节点实例上数十秒内的运行时间。
英文摘要：
Large-scale routing problems are difficult to solve efficiently as their search spaces grow rapidly with problem size. Existing approaches primarily improve the optimization procedure itself, often at increasing computational cost. We instead shift the focus to a useful initialization that can be refined into a high-quality solution with limited downstream refinement. We propose Just Initialize, a training-free and solver-agnostic initialization component for large-scale routing optimization. Just Initialize compresses a large routing instance into a compact surrogate space, optimizes its global routing structure, and recovers the resulting solution as an optimization-friendly starting point in the original space. Extensive experiments on Traveling Salesman Problems (TSPs), Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problems (CVRPs), Vehicle Routing Problems with Time Windows (VRPTWs), and Prize-Collecting Traveling Salesman Problems (PCTSPs) demonstrate that Just Initialize achieves high-quality solutions comparable to or better than state-of-the-art methods while substantially reducing computational cost across instances ranging from 1K to 100K nodes, including an average speedup of approximately 70$\times$, sub-second runtimes on 10K-node instances, and runtimes within tens of seconds on 100K-node instances.
