注意力拒绝服务（Attentional DoS）：X平台上的重复转发、集体注意力与信息扩散
Attentional DoS: Repeat Reposting, Collective Attention, and Information Diffusion on X
浏览论文内容
中文总结 AI 辅助
该研究定义了X平台上的重复转发行为（注意力拒绝服务），通过大规模日语帖子级联数据集分析其特征，发现重复转发多来自少数习惯性账号，后续受众增长更依赖账号覆盖范围，且多数分布式放大行为针对中文商业垃圾内容。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
集体注意力是一种有限的共享资源，社交媒体帖子会争夺有限的曝光机会。在X平台上，用户可以取消转发后再次转发。通过重复这一循环，用户无需创作新内容，就能将同一条帖子任意次地重新推送到粉丝的时间线中。我们将这一行为称为重复转发（repeat reposting），并将其视为对这种共享资源的重复占用请求，即注意力拒绝服务（Attentional DoS）。我们对这一概念进行了形式化定义，并在一个大规模级联数据集上开展了重复转发行为研究，该数据集包含X平台上被归类为日语的帖子所产生的、至少有1000次互动的级联，时间覆盖2025年4月至2026年3月。重复转发行为较为罕见，在所有（用户，帖子）对中仅占很小比例。即便如此，有近百万条帖子至少存在一个重复转发者，且大多数重复转发行为来自一小部分习惯性账号。核心研究结果显示，后续的受众增长与重复转发次数的关联度，不及重复转发账号的预估覆盖范围关联度高。从串行性（即同一账号群体在大量帖子中习惯性重复转发的特性）的视角来看，一种独特的分布式行为模式显现出来：多个串行放大账号会集中针对同一条帖子进行重复转发，即分布式注意力拒绝服务（Attentional DDoS，ADDoS）。这类行为的同步性，即各账号行动时间的接近程度，呈现出从分钟级爆发到每日节律的连续谱系。对99.7%被放大帖子的内容核查显示，大多数ADDoS重复转发事件针对的是中文内容，我们的词汇匹配和样本抽检表明，这类内容主要是商业垃圾信息。因此，重复转发能让帖子重新进入可见度竞争。观察到的模式更适合被描述为对现有受众的重复时间覆盖，以及对已处于增长态势帖子的自我强化，而非重复转发从其他内容处抢占了覆盖范围的证据。
英文摘要
Collective attention is a finite shared resource, and social media posts compete for limited opportunities to be seen. On X, users can undo a repost and repost it again. By repeating this cycle, a user can put the same post back into followers' timelines any number of times without making new content. We call this procedure repeat reposting, and we read it as placing repeated demand on this shared resource (Attentional DoS). We formalize this idea and explore repeat reposting in a large-scale dataset of cascades with at least 1,000 reactions, originating from posts classified as Japanese on X, covering April 2025 to March 2026. Repeat reposts are rare, appearing in a small share of all (user, post) pairs. Even so, close to a million posts have at least one repeater, and most repeats come from a small group of habitual accounts. The central result is that subsequent audience growth is associated less with the number of repeats than with the estimated reach of the repeating accounts. Through the lens of seriality, how habitually the same groups of accounts repeat reposts across many posts, a distinct distributed form emerges: several serial amplifiers converge on the same post (Attentional DDoS). Its synchrony, how closely their actions are timed together, forms a continuum from bursts on the scale of minutes to a daily clock. A check of the content of 99.7% of amplified posts shows that most ADDoS repeat events are directed at Chinese-script content, which our vocabulary matching and sample inspection indicate is predominantly commercial spam. Repeat reposting thus lets a post re-enter the competition for visibility. The observed pattern is better characterized as repeated temporal coverage of an existing audience and the self-reinforcement of posts that are already growing, rather than as evidence that repeat reposting takes reach from other content.
发表机构
- Institute of Science Tokyo（东京科学大学）
- Hirosaki University（弘前大学）
- University of Aizu（会津大学）
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo（东京大学工业研究所）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
