发表机构
Massachusetts Institute of Technology; California Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院; 加州理工学院）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文提出基于每秒控制操作次数的技术能力标度，结合Kardashev与Barrow指数，并分析人类现状及终极技术耗散功率的极限。
AI 中文摘要
我们引入一种技术能力标度，该标度根据文明每秒能执行的控制操作次数对其进行排序。控制操作定义为将物质的一个二进制自由度设定为指定值，无论其先前状态如何。基于构造者理论，我们将其分类为构造及其在信息媒介上的特例，即处理、存储和传输。指数$\Xi = K + B$在Kardashev指数$K$之上增加了每操作能量的效率指数$B$，该效率指数以微波背景温度下的热基底为基准测量。Kardashev标度给出了将热随机比特重置并将热量辐射到当前天空的上限，而Barrow标度给出了下限，对于此类重置，该下限是每个层级上散热温度下的热基底。自1950年以来，每次逻辑操作的能量已下降11.7个数量级，其中约5个数量级来自小型化。人类处于$K = 0.73$，以CMOS逻辑门计算，主能量下$B = -0.78$。我们描述了终极技术，其$\Xi = 7.58$，该技术会将推测的最大功率$c^5/4G$耗散到de Sitter空间中接近其最大质量的不带电、非旋转黑洞中。
英文摘要
We introduce a technological capability scale that ranks civilizations by the control operations they can perform per second. A control operation is defined as setting one binary degree of freedom of matter to a specified value, whatever its previous state. Building on constructor theory, we sort them into construction and its special cases on information media, namely processing, storage and transfer. The index $Ξ= K + B$ adds to the Kardashev index $K$ an efficiency index $B$ of energy per operation, measured from the thermal floor at the microwave background temperature. The Kardashev scale gives the ceiling for resets of thermally random bits with heat radiated into the present sky, and the Barrow scale gives the floor, which for such a reset is the thermal floor at the heat-rejection temperature at every level. Since 1950 the energy per logic operation has fallen 11.7 orders of magnitude, around 5 through miniaturization. Humanity, at $K = 0.73$, computes with CMOS logic gates at $B = -0.78$ in primary energy. We describe the ultimate technology, at $Ξ= 7.58$, which would dissipate the conjectured largest power $c^5/4G$ into an uncharged, non-rotating black hole near its largest mass in de Sitter space.
Comments22 pages, 3 figures, 4 tables. Electronic supplementary material of 56 pages, with 3 figures and 3 tables, and code are ancillary files
