发表机构
State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Institute of Quantum Matter, South China Normal University; Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science（华南师范大学量子物质研究院核物理与技术国家重点实验室; 广东省物质结构与基本相互作用基础研究卓越中心、广东省核科学重点实验室）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文研究300 keV涡旋电子在氢原子靶上的弹性散射，发现当涡旋电子角动量足够大时，Breit相互作用在特定区域主导散射，且较小的靶尺寸更有利于观测该效应。
AI 中文摘要
电子涡旋束与原子之间的相互作用是其应用的基础，然而现有的弹性散射研究仅考虑了库仑相互作用。Breit相互作用作为两个电子之间库仑势的主要相对论修正，其作用尚未被系统研究。本文研究了300 keV涡旋电子在氢原子靶上的弹性散射，重点探讨了Breit相互作用的作用。比较了两种情况：纯库仑贡献以及库仑与Breit贡献之和。大量结果表明，当涡旋电子的总角动量足够大时，Breit相互作用在特定运动学区域主导散射过程，这打破了传统观念，即Breit相互作用对低Z原子的电子散射贡献甚微。这一现象主要源于具有大角动量的涡旋电子拥有显著的磁矩，而Breit相互作用恰好描述了磁矩之间的相互作用。此外，我们进一步比较了单原子、介观和宏观靶的情况，并表明靶尺寸显著影响Breit诱导效应的可观测性，较小的靶尺寸有利于观测这一现象。
英文摘要
The interaction of electron vortex beams with atoms is fundamental to their applications, yet existing studies on elastic scattering have considered only the Coulomb interaction. The role of the Breit interaction, which represents the leading relativistic correction to the Coulomb potential between two electrons, has not been systematically examined. We study the elastic scattering of a \(300\) keV vortex electron by a hydrogen atomic target, with emphasis on the role of the Breit interaction. Comparisons are made between the pure Coulomb contribution and the sum of the Coulomb and Breit contributions. Our results show that the Breit interaction dominates the scattering process in certain kinematic regions when the total angular momentum (TAM) of the vortex electron is sufficiently large, which breaks with the conventional notion that the Breit interaction has little contribution to electron scattering for low-\(Z\) atoms. This phenomenon arises primarily because a vortex electron with large angular momentum possesses a substantial magnetic moment, and the Breit interaction precisely describes the interaction between magnetic moments. We further compare single-atom, mesoscopic, and macroscopic target cases, and show that the target size significantly influences the observability of the Breit-induced effects, with a smaller target size being favorable for observing this phenomenon.
