不同脉冲持续时间真空二极管中产生的异常能量电子
Electrons with Anomalous Energy Generated in Vacuum Diodes with Different Pulse Duration
- Institute of High Current Electronics（高电流电子研究所）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
AI总结：
该研究通过实验和AI逆问题求解方法，证实真空二极管仅在纳秒或亚纳秒电压脉冲下产生高达25%的异常能量电子，且轫致辐射光电吸收无法显著产生此类电子。
AI中文摘要：
本文介绍了一项实验研究的结果，该研究探讨了在不同振幅和脉冲持续时间条件下，真空二极管中出现的异常能量电子（AEE）。AEE 指动能 $T$ 超过 $eU$ 值的高能放电电子（其中 $e$ 为电子电荷，$U$ 为间隙电压振幅）。实验中采用了两种实验装置来产生不同脉冲持续时间的电子束。通过使用一种基于人工智能的方法求解弗雷德霍姆方程的不适定逆问题，从束流衰减曲线重建了电子能谱。这证实了只有当真空二极管工作在纳秒级电压脉冲时，才会产生具有显著 AEE 比例（高达 25%）的电子束。已确认真空中的 AEE 是通过纳秒或亚纳秒电压脉冲产生的。实验还表明，轫致辐射的光电吸收无法在真空放电中产生显著的 AEE。
英文摘要：
This paper presents results from an experimental study in which anomalous energy electrons (AEE) appear in vacuum diodes under varying amplitude and pulse-duration conditions. AEE refer to high-energy discharge electrons with kinetic energy $T$ exceeding $eU$ values (where $e$ is the electron charge and $U$ is the amplitude gap voltage). Here, two experimental setups were used to generate electron beams with different pulse durations. The electron energy spectra were reconstructed from the beam attenuation curves using an AI-driven methodology for solving an ill-posed inverse problem for the Fredholm equation. This confirms that vacuum diodes generate electron beams with a significant AEE fraction (up to 25~\%) only when operating with nanosecond-long voltage pulses. It has been confirmed that AEE in vacuum is generated using nanosecond- or sub-nanosecond voltage pulses. Experiments also indicate that photoelectric absorption of bremsstrahlung cannot produce significant AEE in vacuum discharges.
