发表机构
Oakland University（奥克兰大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文提出一个集成NMPC框架，用于波浪供能海底数据中心的热管理、灵活负载调度和电池运行协调，仿真验证了其保持热安全并适应波浪能变化，且发现电池容量和波浪发电容量是影响电池状态的关键因素。
AI 中文摘要
本文开发了一个集成建模与非线性模型预测控制（NMPC）框架，用于协调波浪供能海底数据中心中的热管理、灵活工作负载调度、波浪能利用和电池运行。真实的数据中心工作负载由来自MIT Supercloud数据集的作业级CPU、内存和GPU测量数据构建，并分为交互式和延迟容忍型灵活作业。热行为通过IT设备、循环氮气和耐压壳体的三节点集总模型表示，以周围海水作为热边界。NMPC在热、电池和工作负载约束下，联合优化灵活工作负载的功率预算和冷却指令。在不同工作负载、热、电池和可再生能源发电条件下的闭环仿真表明，所提出的框架在适应冷却操作和灵活工作负载执行以适应波浪能可用性和电池荷电状态的同时，保持了热安全性。参数研究表明，电池容量和波浪发电容量对电池可用性和灵活工作负载队列积累有显著影响，而过多的可再生能源发电容量可能导致能量削减增加。蒙特卡洛和距离相关性分析进一步表明，灵活作业延迟对所研究的系统参数相对不敏感，而终端电池荷电状态主要受电池能量容量和波浪发电容量的影响。
英文摘要
This paper develops an integrated modeling and nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) framework for coordinating thermal management, flexible workload scheduling, wave-power utilization, and battery operation in a wave-powered subsea data center. Realistic data center workloads are constructed from job-level CPU, memory, and GPU measurements from the MIT Supercloud dataset and divided into interactive and delay-tolerant flexible jobs. Thermal behavior is represented by a three-node lumped model of the IT equipment, recirculating nitrogen, and pressure hull with surrounding seawater as the thermal boundary. The NMPC jointly optimizes the flexible workload power budget and cooling command subject to thermal, battery, and workload constraints. Closed-loop simulations under different workload, thermal, battery, and renewable-generation conditions demonstrate that the proposed framework maintains thermal safety while adapting cooling operation and flexible workload execution to wave-power availability and battery state-of-charge. The parametric studies show that battery capacity and wave-generation capacity strongly affect battery availability and flexible-workload queue accumulation, while excessive renewable generation capacity may lead to increased energy curtailment. Monte Carlo and distance-correlation analyses further show that flexible-job delay is relatively insensitive to the investigated system parameters, whereas terminal battery state-of-charge is primarily influenced by battery energy capacity and wave generation capacity.
Comments14 figures and 11 tables
