Carrington 1870年最后的太阳黑子素描图
Carrington's Last Sunspot Drawing in 1870
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文发现并分析了Carrington于1870年12月23日绘制的未发表太阳黑子素描图，计数3个黑子群和10个黑子，其数据与现有数据集一致，为太阳黑子数重新校准和蝴蝶图构建提供了补充，并质疑了“Schmidt骨干”同质性假设的有效性。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
Richard Christopher Carrington 在1853年至1861年间进行了广泛的太阳黑子观测，并留下了众多科学遗产。然而，尽管他声名显赫，在查阅其原始手稿时，我们发现了Carrington从未发表过的最后一张太阳黑子素描图。我们将此图定年为1870年12月23日，当时Carrington位于其Churt天文台。该素描图使我们能够计数出3个太阳黑子群和10个独立的太阳黑子，并测量出这些黑子群的位置分别为N14° W37°、N11° W46°和S08° W08°，其中我们的经度值代表距日面中央子午线的纵向距离。与现有数据集相比，他的原始黑子群计数略低于同时代的观测者。他的位置数据看起来是一致的。这些补充资料有助于正在进行中的太阳黑子数重新校准和蝴蝶图构建工作，只要我们遵循“Schmidt骨干”同质性的标准假设。否则，这一案例反而质疑了“Schmidt骨干”保持数据同质性这一常见假设的有效性。这张太阳黑子素描图不太可能代表一个巨大的、遗失的冰山的一角，而更像是他在Churt时期留下的一张孤立的素描图。Carrington可能因1870年12月22日的日食而暂时重燃了对太阳黑子研究的兴趣。否则，Carrington在Churt时期对其太阳黑子研究的提及仅限于回应Chevalier在皇家天文学会（RAS）讣告中的优先权主张以及一份当地报纸的报道。前者证实，Carrington可能是第一个从Thomas Harriot的原始太阳黑子素描图中计数并发表太阳黑子数据的人。
英文摘要
Richard Christopher Carrington carried out extensive sunspot observations from 1853 to 1861 and left numerous scientific legacies. However, despite his fame, consulting his original manuscripts, we have found Carrington's last sunspot drawing, which he never published. We date this drawing 23 Dec 1870, when Carrington was based at his Churt Observatory. The drawing allows us to count 3 sunspot groups and 10 individual sunspots and measure the group positions at N14° W37°, N11° W46°, and S08° W08°, where our longitude values represent longitudinal distance from the central meridian. In comparison with the existing datasets, his raw group counts look slightly lower than the contemporaneous observers. His position data look consistent. These additions contribute to the ongoing efforts for the sunspot number recalibration and butterfly diagram constructions, as long as we follow the standard assumption for the homogeneity of the "Schmidt backbone". Otherwise, this case instead questions the validity of the common assumption of "Schmidt backbone" keeping the data homogeneity. This sunspot drawing is unlikely to represent the tip of a huge, lost iceberg, but rather an isolated drawing that he left from his Churt era. Carrington may have temporarily revived his interest upon the solar eclipse of 22 Dec 1870. Otherwise, Carrington's references to his sunspot research in his Churt era are confined to priority claims in response to Chevalier's RAS obituary and a local newspaper report. The former confirms that Carrington was probably the first person, who counted and published sunspot data from Thomas Harriot's original sunspot drawings.
发表机构
- Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University（名古屋大学地球-宇宙环境研究所）
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University（名古屋大学高级研究院）
- Space Physics and Operations Division, RAL Space, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory（科学与技术设施委员会拉尔夫空间实验室空间物理与运行部门）
- Nishina Centre, Riken（理化学研究所西村中心）
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