发表机构
Illinois Institute of Technology; Argonne National Laboratory（伊利诺伊理工学院; 阿贡国家实验室）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文提出圆模光学框架，用于传输和加速扁平束流并保持横向圆投影，推导晶格设计条件以守恒角动量，模拟验证其在高强度束流与高亮度对撞机中的潜力。
AI 中文摘要
我们研究了圆模光学作为一个框架，用于在物理空间中保持横向圆投影的同时，传输和加速本质上的扁平束流。鉴于低能空间电荷力下扁平束流的严重退化，我们发展了圆模的耦合光学描述，分析了它们的形成与保持，并推导了用于守恒正则角动量与耦合相位的晶格设计条件。这些条件催生了基于螺线管、对称交变梯度结构和索引偶极子的旋转不变传输与环形单元。我们进一步推导了在非耦合与耦合晶格中圆模束流的空间电荷频移与频散表达式，表明它们保留了圆束流的领头阶空间电荷行为，同时维持固有的本征发射度扁平性。使用TRACK和ImpactX进行的粒子网格模拟证实了在代表性晶格中圆模束流的产生、传输与加速，包括强空间电荷区域。因此，圆模光学为高强度强子束流和高亮度对撞机应用提供了一条有前景的路径。
英文摘要
We study circular-mode optics as a framework for transporting and accelerating intrinsically flat beams while maintaining a round transverse projection in physical space. Motivated by the strong degradation of flat beams under low-energy space-charge forces, we develop a coupled-optics description of circular modes, analyze their formation and preservation, and derive lattice design conditions for conserving canonical angular momentum and coupling phase. These conditions motivate rotationally invariant transport and ring cells based on solenoids, symmetric alternating-gradient structures, and indexed dipoles. We further derive space-charge tune-shift and tune-spread expressions for circular-mode beams in uncoupled and coupled lattices, showing that they preserve the leading-order space-charge behavior of round beams while retaining intrinsic eigenemittance flatness. Particle-in-cell simulations with TRACK and ImpactX confirm the generation, transport, and acceleration of circular-mode beams in representative lattices, including regimes with strong space charge. Circular-mode optics therefore provides a promising route toward high-intensity hadron beams and high-luminosity collider applications.
